Refactor libafl Python bindings (#632)

* SerdeAny MapFeedbackState

* Fix macro syntax

* alloc

* fix

* Metadata calibrate and map feedback

* metadata feedback states

* compile

* fmt

* Register common generic types

* tests

* sugar

* no_std

* fix book

* alloc

* fix fuzzers

* fix

* fmt

* disable python bindings for libafl

* clippy

* fmt

* fixes

* fmt

* compiling python bindings

* no uaf in python observer

* working python observer, feedback and executor

* mutators

* fmt

* nits

* added autofix script

* clippy

* clippy

* more clippy

* fix

* ignore clippy for deserialization

* newlines

* nits

* fmt

* feedbacks

* generators

* methods

* feedbacks

* pyerr

* fix

* fix

* fmt

* python bindings in CI

* fix

* fix

* fix

* autofix

* clippy

Co-authored-by: Dominik Maier <dmnk@google.com>

.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml

@@ -96,6 +96,23 @@ jobs:
       run: sudo ./libafl_concolic/test/smoke_test_ubuntu_deps.sh 
     - name: Run smoke test
       run: ./libafl_concolic/test/smoke_test.sh 
+  bindings:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
+      with:
+        profile: minimal
+        toolchain: stable
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
+    - name: set mold linker as default linker
+      uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
+    - name: Install deps
+      run: sudo apt-get install -y llvm llvm-dev clang ninja-build python3-dev python3-pip python3-venv
+    - name: Install maturin
+      run: python3 -m pip install maturin
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Run a maturin build
+      run: cd ./bindings/pylibafl && maturin build
   fuzzers:
     env:
       CC: ccache clang # use ccache in default

bindings/pylibafl/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 [package]
 name = "pylibafl"
-version = "0.7.0"
+version = "0.7.1"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 pyo3 = { version = "0.15", features = ["extension-module"] }
 libafl_qemu = { path = "../../libafl_qemu", version = "0.7", features = ["python"] }
 libafl_sugar = { path = "../../libafl_sugar", version = "0.7", features = ["python"] }
-#libafl = { path = "../../libafl", version = "0.7", features = ["python"] }
-libafl = { path = "../../libafl", version = "0.7" }
+libafl = { path = "../../libafl", version = "0.7", features = ["python"] }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 pyo3-build-config = { version = "0.15" }

bindings/pylibafl/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,117 @@
-//use libafl;
+use libafl;
 use libafl_qemu;
 use libafl_sugar;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
+
+const LIBAFL_CODE: &str = r#"
+class BaseObserver:
+    def flush(self):
+        pass
+    def pre_exec(self, state, input):
+        pass
+    def post_exec(self, state, input, exit_kind):
+        pass
+    def pre_exec_child(self, state, input):
+        pass
+    def post_exec_child(self, state, input, exit_kind):
+        pass
+    def name(self):
+        return type(self).__name__
+    def as_observer(self):
+        return Observer.new_py(self)
+
+class BaseFeedback:
+    def init_state(self, state):
+        pass
+    def is_interesting(self, state, mgr, input, observers, exit_kind) -> bool:
+        return False
+    def append_metadata(self, state, testcase):
+        pass
+    def discard_metadata(self, state, input):
+        pass
+    def name(self):
+        return type(self).__name__
+    def as_feedback(self):
+        return Feedback.new_py(self)
+
+class BaseExecutor:
+    def observers(self) -> ObserversTuple:
+        raise NotImplementedError('Implement this yourself')
+    def run_target(self, fuzzer, state, mgr, input) -> ExitKind:
+        raise NotImplementedError('Implement this yourself')
+    def as_executor(self):
+        return Executor.new_py(self)
+
+class BaseStage:
+    def perform(self, fuzzer, executor, state, manager, corpus_idx):
+        pass
+    def as_stage(self):
+        return Stage.new_py(self)
+
+class BaseMutator:
+    def mutate(self, state, input, stage_idx):
+        pass
+    def post_exec(self, state, stage_idx, corpus_idx):
+        pass
+    def as_mutator(self):
+        return Mutator.new_py(self)
+
+class FnStage(BaseStage):
+    def __init__(self, fn):
+        self.fn = fn
+    def __call__(self, fuzzer, executor, state, manager, corpus_idx):
+        self.fn(fuzzer, executor, state, manager, corpus_idx)
+    def perform(self, fuzzer, executor, state, manager, corpus_idx):
+        self.fn(fuzzer, executor, state, manager, corpus_idx)
+
+def feedback_not(a):
+    return NotFeedback(a).as_feedback()
+
+def feedback_and(a, b):
+    return EagerAndFeedback(a, b).as_feedback()
+
+def feedback_and_fast(a, b):
+    return FastAndFeedback(a, b).as_feedback()
+
+def feedback_or(a, b):
+    return EagerOrFeedback(a, b).as_feedback()
+
+def feedback_or_fast(a, b):
+    return FastOrFeedback(a, b).as_feedback()
+"#;
 
 #[pymodule]
 #[pyo3(name = "pylibafl")]
 pub fn python_module(py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+    let modules = py.import("sys")?.getattr("modules")?;
+
     let sugar_module = PyModule::new(py, "sugar")?;
     libafl_sugar::python_module(py, sugar_module)?;
     m.add_submodule(sugar_module)?;
 
+    modules.set_item("pylibafl.sugar", sugar_module)?;
+
     let qemu_module = PyModule::new(py, "qemu")?;
     libafl_qemu::python_module(py, qemu_module)?;
     m.add_submodule(qemu_module)?;
 
-    //let libafl_module = PyModule::new(py, "libafl")?;
-    //libafl::python_module(py, libafl_module)?;
-    //m.add_submodule(libafl_module)?;
+    modules.set_item("pylibafl.qemu", qemu_module)?;
+
+    let libafl_module = PyModule::new(py, "libafl")?;
+    libafl::pybind::python_module(py, libafl_module)?;
+
+    libafl_module.add("__builtins__", py.import("builtins")?)?;
+
+    let locals = PyDict::new(py);
+    py.run(LIBAFL_CODE, Some(libafl_module.dict()), Some(locals))?;
+    for (key, val) in locals.iter() {
+        libafl_module.add(key.extract::<&str>()?, val)?;
+    }
+
+    m.add_submodule(libafl_module)?;
+
+    modules.set_item("pylibafl.libafl", libafl_module)?;
 
     Ok(())
 }

bindings/pylibafl/test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+from pylibafl.libafl import *
+import ctypes
+
+class FooObserver(BaseObserver):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.n = 0
+    def name(self):
+        return "Foo"
+    def pre_exec(self, state, input):
+        if self.n % 10000 == 0:
+            print("FOO!", self.n, input)
+        self.n += 1
+
+class FooFeedback(BaseFeedback):
+    def is_interesting(self, state, mgr, input, observers, exit_kind):
+        ob = observers.match_name("Foo").unwrap_py()
+        return ob.n % 10000 == 0
+
+class FooExecutor(BaseExecutor):
+    def __init__(self, harness, observers: ObserversTuple):
+        self.h = harness
+        self.o = observers
+    def observers(self):
+        return self.o
+    def run_target(self, fuzzer, state, mgr, input) -> ExitKind:
+        return (self.h)(input)
+
+libc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary("libc.so.6")
+
+area_ptr = libc.calloc(1, 4096)
+
+observer = StdMapObserverI8("mymap", area_ptr, 4096)
+
+m = observer.as_map_observer()
+
+observers = ObserversTuple([observer.as_map_observer().as_observer(), FooObserver().as_observer()])
+
+feedback = feedback_or(MaxMapFeedbackI8(m).as_feedback(), FooFeedback().as_feedback())
+
+objective = feedback_and_fast(CrashFeedback().as_feedback(), MaxMapFeedbackI8(m).as_feedback())
+
+fuzzer = StdFuzzer(feedback, objective)
+
+rand = StdRand.with_current_nanos()
+
+state = StdState(rand.as_rand(), InMemoryCorpus().as_corpus(), InMemoryCorpus().as_corpus(), feedback, objective)
+
+monitor = SimpleMonitor(lambda s: print(s))
+
+mgr = SimpleEventManager(monitor.as_monitor())
+
+def harness(buf) -> ExitKind:
+    #print(buf)
+    m[0] = 1
+    if len(buf) > 0 and buf[0] == ord('a'):
+        m[1] = 1
+        if len(buf) > 1 and buf[1] == ord('b'):
+            m[2] = 1
+            if len(buf) > 2 and buf[2] == ord('c'):
+                m[3] = 1
+                return ExitKind.crash()
+    return ExitKind.ok()
+
+# executor = InProcessExecutor(harness, observers, fuzzer, state, mgr.as_manager())
+
+executor = FooExecutor(harness, observers)
+
+stage = StdMutationalStage(StdHavocMutator().as_mutator())
+
+stage_tuple_list = StagesTuple([stage.as_stage()])
+
+fuzzer.add_input(state, executor.as_executor(), mgr.as_manager(), b'\0\0')
+
+fuzzer.fuzz_loop(executor.as_executor(), state, mgr.as_manager(), stage_tuple_list)

fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng/Makefile.toml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ windows_alias = "unsupported"
 condition = { files_not_exist = ["./libpng-1.6.37"]}
 script_runner="@shell"
 script='''
-wget https://deac-fra.dl.sourceforge.net/project/libpng/libpng16/1.6.37/libpng-1.6.37.tar.xz
+curl https://deac-fra.dl.sourceforge.net/project/libpng/libpng16/1.6.37/libpng-1.6.37.tar.xz --output libpng-1.6.37.tar.xz
 tar -xvf libpng-1.6.37.tar.xz
 '''
 

fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng/src/lib.rs

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ pub fn libafl_main() {
 }
 
 /// The actual fuzzer
+#[cfg(not(test))]
 fn fuzz(corpus_dirs: &[PathBuf], objective_dir: PathBuf, broker_port: u16) -> Result<(), Error> {
     // 'While the stats are state, they are usually used in the broker - which is likely never restarted
     let monitor = MultiMonitor::new(|s| println!("{}", s));

libafl/Cargo.toml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ fork = [] # uses the fork() syscall to spawn children, instead of launching a ne
 rand_trait = ["rand_core"] # If set, libafl's rand implementations will implement `rand::Rng`
 introspection = [] # Include performance statistics of the fuzzing pipeline
 concolic_mutation = ["z3"] # include a simple concolic mutator based on z3
-#python = ["pyo3"]
+python = ["pyo3"]
 tui_monitor = ["tui", "crossterm"] # enable TuiMonitor with crossterm
 cli = ["clap"]  # expose bolts::cli
 qemu_cli = ["cli"]
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ wait-timeout = { version = "0.2", optional = true } # used by CommandExecutor to
 
 z3 = { version = "0.11", features = ["static-link-z3"], optional = true } # for concolic mutation
 
-pyo3 = { version = "0.15", optional = true }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.15", optional = true, features = ["serde", "macros"] }
+concat-idents = "1.1.3"
 
 # AGPL
 # !!! this create requires nightly

libafl/src/bolts/os/unix_signals.rs

@@ -100,6 +100,14 @@ use crate::Error;
 pub use libc::{c_void, siginfo_t};
 
 extern "C" {
+    /// The `libc` `getcontext`
+    ///
+    /// # Notes
+    ///
+    /// Somehow, `MacOS` on `aarch64` claims this type uses a 128 bit `int`
+    /// (@`rustc` 1.59.0)
+    /// Not much we can about it, for now.
+    #[allow(improper_ctypes)]
     fn getcontext(ucp: *mut ucontext_t) -> c_int;
 }
 

libafl/src/bolts/rands.rs

@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ mod tests {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 /// `Rand` Python bindings
 pub mod pybind {
     use super::Rand;
@@ -444,7 +445,7 @@ pub mod pybind {
     /// Python class for StdRand
     pub struct PythonStdRand {
         /// Rust wrapped StdRand object
-        pub std_rand: StdRand,
+        pub inner: StdRand,
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
@@ -452,52 +453,58 @@ pub mod pybind {
         #[staticmethod]
         fn with_current_nanos() -> Self {
             Self {
-                std_rand: StdRand::with_seed(current_nanos()),
+                inner: StdRand::with_seed(current_nanos()),
             }
         }
 
         #[staticmethod]
         fn with_seed(seed: u64) -> Self {
             Self {
-                std_rand: StdRand::with_seed(seed),
+                inner: StdRand::with_seed(seed),
             }
         }
+
+        fn as_rand(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonRand {
+            PythonRand::new_std(slf)
+        }
     }
 
     #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
     enum PythonRandWrapper {
-        StdRand(PythonStdRand),
+        Std(Py<PythonStdRand>),
     }
 
     /// Rand Trait binding
     #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Rand")]
     #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
     pub struct PythonRand {
-        rand: PythonRandWrapper,
+        wrapper: PythonRandWrapper,
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_mut_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonRandWrapper, { Std })
+        };
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
     impl PythonRand {
         #[staticmethod]
-        fn new_from_std(py_std_rand: PythonStdRand) -> Self {
+        fn new_std(py_std_rand: Py<PythonStdRand>) -> Self {
             Self {
-                rand: PythonRandWrapper::StdRand(py_std_rand),
+                wrapper: PythonRandWrapper::Std(py_std_rand),
             }
         }
     }
 
     impl Rand for PythonRand {
         fn set_seed(&mut self, seed: u64) {
-            match &mut self.rand {
-                PythonRandWrapper::StdRand(py_std_rand) => py_std_rand.std_rand.set_seed(seed),
-            }
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, r, { r.set_seed(seed) });
         }
 
         #[inline]
         fn next(&mut self) -> u64 {
-            match &mut self.rand {
-                PythonRandWrapper::StdRand(py_std_rand) => py_std_rand.std_rand.next(),
-            }
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, r, { r.next() })
         }
     }
 

libafl/src/bolts/tuples.rs

@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ use core::{
 
 use xxhash_rust::xxh3::xxh3_64;
 
-#[rustversion::nightly]
+/// Returns if the type `T` is equal to `U`
 /// From <https://stackoverflow.com/a/60138532/7658998>
-const fn type_eq<T: ?Sized, U: ?Sized>() -> bool {
+#[rustversion::nightly]
+#[must_use]
+pub const fn type_eq<T: ?Sized, U: ?Sized>() -> bool {
     // Helper trait. `VALUE` is false, except for the specialization of the
     // case where `T == U`.
     trait TypeEq<U: ?Sized> {
@@ -31,8 +33,10 @@ const fn type_eq<T: ?Sized, U: ?Sized>() -> bool {
     <T as TypeEq<U>>::VALUE
 }
 
+/// Returns if the type `T` is equal to `U`
 #[rustversion::not(nightly)]
-const fn type_eq<T: ?Sized, U: ?Sized>() -> bool {
+#[must_use]
+pub const fn type_eq<T: ?Sized, U: ?Sized>() -> bool {
     // BEWARE! This is not unsafe, it is SUPER UNSAFE
     true
 }

libafl/src/corpus/cached.rs

@@ -137,19 +137,19 @@ where
 /// ``CachedOnDiskCorpus`` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
 pub mod pybind {
-    use std::path::PathBuf;
-
+    use crate::corpus::pybind::PythonCorpus;
     use crate::corpus::CachedOnDiskCorpus;
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
     use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
 
     #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "CachedOnDiskCorpus")]
     #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
     /// Python class for CachedOnDiskCorpus
     pub struct PythonCachedOnDiskCorpus {
         /// Rust wrapped CachedOnDiskCorpus object
-        pub cached_on_disk_corpus: CachedOnDiskCorpus<BytesInput>,
+        pub inner: CachedOnDiskCorpus<BytesInput>,
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
@@ -157,10 +157,13 @@ pub mod pybind {
         #[new]
         fn new(path: String, cache_max_len: usize) -> Self {
             Self {
-                cached_on_disk_corpus: CachedOnDiskCorpus::new(PathBuf::from(path), cache_max_len)
-                    .unwrap(),
+                inner: CachedOnDiskCorpus::new(PathBuf::from(path), cache_max_len).unwrap(),
             }
         }
+
+        fn as_corpus(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonCorpus {
+            PythonCorpus::new_cached_on_disk(slf)
+        }
     }
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {

libafl/src/corpus/inmemory.rs

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ where
 /// `InMemoryCorpus` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
 pub mod pybind {
+    use crate::corpus::pybind::PythonCorpus;
     use crate::corpus::InMemoryCorpus;
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ pub mod pybind {
     /// Python class for InMemoryCorpus
     pub struct PythonInMemoryCorpus {
         /// Rust wrapped InMemoryCorpus object
-        pub in_memory_corpus: InMemoryCorpus<BytesInput>,
+        pub inner: InMemoryCorpus<BytesInput>,
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
@@ -109,9 +110,13 @@ pub mod pybind {
         #[new]
         fn new() -> Self {
             Self {
-                in_memory_corpus: InMemoryCorpus::new(),
+                inner: InMemoryCorpus::new(),
             }
         }
+
+        fn as_corpus(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonCorpus {
+            PythonCorpus::new_in_memory(slf)
+        }
     }
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {

libafl/src/corpus/mod.rs

@@ -54,8 +54,10 @@ where
 
 /// `Corpus` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub mod pybind {
     use crate::corpus::inmemory::pybind::PythonInMemoryCorpus;
+    use crate::corpus::testcase::pybind::PythonTestcaseWrapper;
     use crate::corpus::{Corpus, Testcase};
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
     use crate::Error;
@@ -68,148 +70,138 @@ pub mod pybind {
 
     #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
     enum PythonCorpusWrapper {
-        InMemory(PythonInMemoryCorpus),
-        CachedOnDisk(PythonCachedOnDiskCorpus),
-        OnDisk(PythonOnDiskCorpus),
+        InMemory(Py<PythonInMemoryCorpus>),
+        CachedOnDisk(Py<PythonCachedOnDiskCorpus>),
+        OnDisk(Py<PythonOnDiskCorpus>),
     }
 
     /// Corpus Trait binding
     #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Corpus")]
+    #[allow(clippy::unsafe_derive_deserialize)]
     #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
     pub struct PythonCorpus {
-        corpus: PythonCorpusWrapper,
+        wrapper: PythonCorpusWrapper,
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_body!(
+                $wrapper,
+                $name,
+                $body,
+                PythonCorpusWrapper,
+                {
+                    InMemory,
+                    CachedOnDisk,
+                    OnDisk
+                }
+            )
+        };
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_mut_body!(
+                $wrapper,
+                $name,
+                $body,
+                PythonCorpusWrapper,
+                {
+                    InMemory,
+                    CachedOnDisk,
+                    OnDisk
+                }
+            )
+        };
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
     impl PythonCorpus {
         #[staticmethod]
-        fn new_from_in_memory(py_in_memory_corpus: PythonInMemoryCorpus) -> Self {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_in_memory(py_in_memory_corpus: Py<PythonInMemoryCorpus>) -> Self {
             Self {
-                corpus: PythonCorpusWrapper::InMemory(py_in_memory_corpus),
+                wrapper: PythonCorpusWrapper::InMemory(py_in_memory_corpus),
             }
         }
 
         #[staticmethod]
-        fn new_from_cached_on_disk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus: PythonCachedOnDiskCorpus) -> Self {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_cached_on_disk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus: Py<PythonCachedOnDiskCorpus>) -> Self {
             Self {
-                corpus: PythonCorpusWrapper::CachedOnDisk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus),
+                wrapper: PythonCorpusWrapper::CachedOnDisk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus),
             }
         }
 
         #[staticmethod]
-        fn new_from_on_disk(py_on_disk_corpus: PythonOnDiskCorpus) -> Self {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_on_disk(py_on_disk_corpus: Py<PythonOnDiskCorpus>) -> Self {
             Self {
-                corpus: PythonCorpusWrapper::OnDisk(py_on_disk_corpus),
+                wrapper: PythonCorpusWrapper::OnDisk(py_on_disk_corpus),
             }
         }
+
+        #[pyo3(name = "count")]
+        fn pycount(&self) -> usize {
+            self.count()
+        }
+
+        #[pyo3(name = "current")]
+        fn pycurrent(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+            *self.current()
+        }
+
+        #[pyo3(name = "get")]
+        fn pyget(&self, idx: usize) -> PythonTestcaseWrapper {
+            let t: &mut Testcase<BytesInput> = unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, c, {
+                c.get(idx)
+                    .map(|v| unsafe { v.as_ptr().as_mut().unwrap() })
+                    .expect("PythonCorpus::get failed")
+            });
+            PythonTestcaseWrapper::wrap(t)
+        }
     }
 
     impl Corpus<BytesInput> for PythonCorpus {
         #[inline]
         fn count(&self) -> usize {
-            match &self.corpus {
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::InMemory(py_in_memory_corpus) => {
-                    py_in_memory_corpus.in_memory_corpus.count()
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::CachedOnDisk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_cached_on_disk_corpus.cached_on_disk_corpus.count()
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::OnDisk(py_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_on_disk_corpus.on_disk_corpus.count()
-                }
-            }
+            unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, c, { c.count() })
         }
 
         #[inline]
         fn add(&mut self, testcase: Testcase<BytesInput>) -> Result<usize, Error> {
-            match &mut self.corpus {
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::InMemory(py_in_memory_corpus) => {
-                    py_in_memory_corpus.in_memory_corpus.add(testcase)
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::CachedOnDisk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_cached_on_disk_corpus.cached_on_disk_corpus.add(testcase)
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::OnDisk(py_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_on_disk_corpus.on_disk_corpus.add(testcase)
-                }
-            }
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, c, { c.add(testcase) })
         }
 
         #[inline]
         fn replace(&mut self, idx: usize, testcase: Testcase<BytesInput>) -> Result<(), Error> {
-            match &mut self.corpus {
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::InMemory(py_in_memory_corpus) => {
-                    py_in_memory_corpus.in_memory_corpus.replace(idx, testcase)
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::CachedOnDisk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_cached_on_disk_corpus
-                        .cached_on_disk_corpus
-                        .replace(idx, testcase)
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::OnDisk(py_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_on_disk_corpus.on_disk_corpus.replace(idx, testcase)
-                }
-            }
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, c, { c.replace(idx, testcase) })
         }
 
         #[inline]
         fn remove(&mut self, idx: usize) -> Result<Option<Testcase<BytesInput>>, Error> {
-            match &mut self.corpus {
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::InMemory(py_in_memory_corpus) => {
-                    py_in_memory_corpus.in_memory_corpus.remove(idx)
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::CachedOnDisk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_cached_on_disk_corpus.cached_on_disk_corpus.remove(idx)
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::OnDisk(py_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_on_disk_corpus.on_disk_corpus.remove(idx)
-                }
-            }
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, c, { c.remove(idx) })
         }
 
         #[inline]
         fn get(&self, idx: usize) -> Result<&RefCell<Testcase<BytesInput>>, Error> {
-            match &self.corpus {
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::InMemory(py_in_memory_corpus) => {
-                    py_in_memory_corpus.in_memory_corpus.get(idx)
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::CachedOnDisk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_cached_on_disk_corpus.cached_on_disk_corpus.get(idx)
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::OnDisk(py_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_on_disk_corpus.on_disk_corpus.get(idx)
-                }
-            }
+            let ptr = unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, c, {
+                c.get(idx)
+                    .map(|v| v as *const RefCell<Testcase<BytesInput>>)
+            })?;
+            Ok(unsafe { ptr.as_ref().unwrap() })
         }
 
         #[inline]
         fn current(&self) -> &Option<usize> {
-            match &self.corpus {
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::InMemory(py_in_memory_corpus) => {
-                    py_in_memory_corpus.in_memory_corpus.current()
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::CachedOnDisk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_cached_on_disk_corpus.cached_on_disk_corpus.current()
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::OnDisk(py_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_on_disk_corpus.on_disk_corpus.current()
-                }
-            }
+            let ptr = unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, c, { c.current() as *const Option<usize> });
+            unsafe { ptr.as_ref().unwrap() }
         }
 
         #[inline]
         fn current_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Option<usize> {
-            match &mut self.corpus {
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::InMemory(py_in_memory_corpus) => {
-                    py_in_memory_corpus.in_memory_corpus.current_mut()
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::CachedOnDisk(py_cached_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_cached_on_disk_corpus.cached_on_disk_corpus.current_mut()
-                }
-                PythonCorpusWrapper::OnDisk(py_on_disk_corpus) => {
-                    py_on_disk_corpus.on_disk_corpus.current_mut()
-                }
-            }
+            let ptr = unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, c, { c.current_mut() as *mut Option<usize> });
+            unsafe { ptr.as_mut().unwrap() }
         }
     }
 

libafl/src/corpus/ondisk.rs

@@ -208,19 +208,19 @@ where
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
 /// `OnDiskCorpus` Python bindings
 pub mod pybind {
-    use std::path::PathBuf;
-
+    use crate::corpus::pybind::PythonCorpus;
     use crate::corpus::OnDiskCorpus;
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
     use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
 
     #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "OnDiskCorpus")]
     #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
     /// Python class for OnDiskCorpus
     pub struct PythonOnDiskCorpus {
         /// Rust wrapped OnDiskCorpus object
-        pub on_disk_corpus: OnDiskCorpus<BytesInput>,
+        pub inner: OnDiskCorpus<BytesInput>,
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
@@ -228,9 +228,13 @@ pub mod pybind {
         #[new]
         fn new(path: String) -> Self {
             Self {
-                on_disk_corpus: OnDiskCorpus::new(PathBuf::from(path)).unwrap(),
+                inner: OnDiskCorpus::new(PathBuf::from(path)).unwrap(),
             }
         }
+
+        fn as_corpus(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonCorpus {
+            PythonCorpus::new_on_disk(slf)
+        }
     }
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {

libafl/src/corpus/testcase.rs

@@ -345,3 +345,98 @@ impl SchedulerTestcaseMetaData {
 }
 
 crate::impl_serdeany!(SchedulerTestcaseMetaData);
+
+#[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+/// `Testcase` Python bindings
+pub mod pybind {
+    use super::{HasMetadata, Testcase};
+    use crate::bolts::ownedref::OwnedPtrMut;
+    use crate::inputs::{BytesInput, HasBytesVec};
+    use crate::pybind::PythonMetadata;
+    use pyo3::prelude::*;
+    use pyo3::types::PyDict;
+
+    /// `PythonTestcase` with fixed generics
+    pub type PythonTestcase = Testcase<BytesInput>;
+
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Testcase")]
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    /// Python class for Testcase
+    pub struct PythonTestcaseWrapper {
+        /// Rust wrapped Testcase object
+        pub inner: OwnedPtrMut<PythonTestcase>,
+    }
+
+    impl PythonTestcaseWrapper {
+        pub fn wrap(r: &mut PythonTestcase) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: OwnedPtrMut::Ptr(r),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn unwrap(&self) -> &PythonTestcase {
+            self.inner.as_ref()
+        }
+
+        pub fn unwrap_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PythonTestcase {
+            self.inner.as_mut()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonTestcaseWrapper {
+        #[new]
+        fn new(input: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: OwnedPtrMut::Owned(Box::new(PythonTestcase::new(BytesInput::new(input)))),
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn load_input(&mut self) -> &[u8] {
+            self.inner
+                .as_mut()
+                .load_input()
+                .expect("Failed to load input")
+                .bytes()
+        }
+
+        #[getter]
+        fn exec_time_ms(&self) -> Option<u128> {
+            self.inner.as_ref().exec_time().map(|t| t.as_millis())
+        }
+
+        #[getter]
+        fn executions(&self) -> usize {
+            *self.inner.as_ref().executions()
+        }
+
+        #[getter]
+        fn fuzz_level(&self) -> usize {
+            self.inner.as_ref().fuzz_level()
+        }
+
+        #[getter]
+        fn fuzzed(&self) -> bool {
+            self.inner.as_ref().fuzzed()
+        }
+
+        fn metadata(&mut self) -> PyObject {
+            let meta = self.inner.as_mut().metadata_mut();
+            if !meta.contains::<PythonMetadata>() {
+                Python::with_gil(|py| {
+                    let dict: Py<PyDict> = PyDict::new(py).into();
+                    meta.insert(PythonMetadata::new(dict.to_object(py)));
+                });
+            }
+            meta.get::<PythonMetadata>().unwrap().map.clone()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Register the classes to the python module
+    pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+        m.add_class::<PythonTestcaseWrapper>()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

libafl/src/events/mod.rs

@@ -543,208 +543,99 @@ mod tests {
         };
     }
 }
+
 /// `EventManager` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub mod pybind {
     use crate::events::simple::pybind::PythonSimpleEventManager;
     use crate::events::{
         Event, EventFirer, EventManager, EventManagerId, EventProcessor, EventRestarter,
         HasEventManagerId, ProgressReporter,
     };
+    use crate::executors::pybind::PythonExecutor;
+    use crate::fuzzer::pybind::PythonStdFuzzer;
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
+    use crate::state::pybind::PythonStdState;
     use crate::Error;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
 
-    macro_rules! define_python_event_manager {
-        ($struct_name_trait:ident, $py_name_trait:tt, $wrapper_name: ident, $std_state_name: ident, $executor_name: ident, $my_std_fuzzer_type_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::executors::pybind::$executor_name;
-            use crate::pybind::$my_std_fuzzer_type_name;
-            use crate::state::pybind::$std_state_name;
-
     #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-            enum $wrapper_name {
-                Simple(*mut PythonSimpleEventManager),
+    pub enum PythonEventManagerWrapper {
+        Simple(Py<PythonSimpleEventManager>),
     }
 
     /// EventManager Trait binding
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name_trait)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "EventManager")]
     #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-            pub struct $struct_name_trait {
-                event_manager: $wrapper_name,
+    pub struct PythonEventManager {
+        pub wrapper: PythonEventManagerWrapper,
     }
 
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
-                fn get_event_manager(
-                    &self,
-                ) -> &impl EventManager<
-                    $executor_name,
-                    BytesInput,
-                    $std_state_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                > {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match self.event_manager {
-                            $wrapper_name::Simple(py_simple_event_manager) => {
-                                &(*py_simple_event_manager).simple_event_manager
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn get_mut_event_manager(
-                    &mut self,
-                ) -> &mut impl EventManager<
-                    $executor_name,
-                    BytesInput,
-                    $std_state_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                > {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match self.event_manager {
-                            $wrapper_name::Simple(py_simple_event_manager) => {
-                                &mut (*py_simple_event_manager).simple_event_manager
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
-                #[staticmethod]
-                fn new_from_simple(py_simple_event_manager: &mut PythonSimpleEventManager) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        event_manager: $wrapper_name::Simple(py_simple_event_manager),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl EventFirer<BytesInput> for $struct_name_trait {
-                fn fire<S>(
-                    &mut self,
-                    _state: &mut S,
-                    event: Event<BytesInput>,
-                ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    self.get_mut_event_manager().fire(_state, event)
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl<S> EventRestarter<S> for $struct_name_trait {}
-
-            impl
-                EventProcessor<
-                    $executor_name,
-                    BytesInput,
-                    $std_state_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                > for $struct_name_trait
-            {
-                fn process(
-                    &mut self,
-                    _fuzzer: &mut $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                    state: &mut $std_state_name,
-                    _executor: &mut $executor_name,
-                ) -> Result<usize, Error> {
-                    self.get_mut_event_manager()
-                        .process(_fuzzer, state, _executor)
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl ProgressReporter<BytesInput> for $struct_name_trait {}
-
-            impl HasEventManagerId for $struct_name_trait {
-                fn mgr_id(&self) -> EventManagerId {
-                    self.get_event_manager().mgr_id()
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl EventManager<$executor_name, BytesInput, $std_state_name, $my_std_fuzzer_type_name>
-                for $struct_name_trait
-            {
-            }
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonEventManagerWrapper, {
+                Simple
+            })
         };
     }
 
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonEventManagerI8,
-        "EventManagerI8",
-        PythonEventManagerWrapperI8,
-        MyStdStateI8,
-        PythonExecutorI8,
-        MyStdFuzzerI8
-    );
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_mut_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonEventManagerWrapper, {
+                Simple
+            })
+        };
+    }
 
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonEventManagerI16,
-        "EventManagerI16",
-        PythonEventManagerWrapperI16,
-        MyStdStateI16,
-        PythonExecutorI16,
-        MyStdFuzzerI16
-    );
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonEventManager {
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_simple(mgr: Py<PythonSimpleEventManager>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonEventManagerWrapper::Simple(mgr),
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonEventManagerI32,
-        "EventManagerI32",
-        PythonEventManagerWrapperI32,
-        MyStdStateI32,
-        PythonExecutorI32,
-        MyStdFuzzerI32
-    );
+    impl EventFirer<BytesInput> for PythonEventManager {
+        fn fire<S>(&mut self, state: &mut S, event: Event<BytesInput>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, e, { e.fire(state, event) })
+        }
+    }
 
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonEventManagerI64,
-        "EventManagerI64",
-        PythonEventManagerWrapperI64,
-        MyStdStateI64,
-        PythonExecutorI64,
-        MyStdFuzzerI64
-    );
+    impl<S> EventRestarter<S> for PythonEventManager {}
 
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonEventManagerU8,
-        "EventManagerU8",
-        PythonEventManagerWrapperU8,
-        MyStdStateU8,
-        PythonExecutorU8,
-        MyStdFuzzerU8
-    );
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonEventManagerU16,
-        "EventManagerU16",
-        PythonEventManagerWrapperU16,
-        MyStdStateU16,
-        PythonExecutorU16,
-        MyStdFuzzerU16
-    );
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonEventManagerU32,
-        "EventManagerU32",
-        PythonEventManagerWrapperU32,
-        MyStdStateU32,
-        PythonExecutorU32,
-        MyStdFuzzerU32
-    );
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonEventManagerU64,
-        "EventManagerU64",
-        PythonEventManagerWrapperU64,
-        MyStdStateU64,
-        PythonExecutorU64,
-        MyStdFuzzerU64
-    );
+    impl EventProcessor<PythonExecutor, BytesInput, PythonStdState, PythonStdFuzzer>
+        for PythonEventManager
+    {
+        fn process(
+            &mut self,
+            fuzzer: &mut PythonStdFuzzer,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            executor: &mut PythonExecutor,
+        ) -> Result<usize, Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, e, { e.process(fuzzer, state, executor) })
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl ProgressReporter<BytesInput> for PythonEventManager {}
+
+    impl HasEventManagerId for PythonEventManager {
+        fn mgr_id(&self) -> EventManagerId {
+            unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, e, { e.mgr_id() })
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl EventManager<PythonExecutor, BytesInput, PythonStdState, PythonStdFuzzer>
+        for PythonEventManager
+    {
+    }
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-        m.add_class::<PythonEventManagerI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonEventManagerI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonEventManagerI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonEventManagerI64>()?;
-
-        m.add_class::<PythonEventManagerU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonEventManagerU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonEventManagerU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonEventManagerU64>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonEventManager>()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }

libafl/src/events/simple.rs

@@ -425,9 +425,12 @@ where
         Ok((state, mgr))
     }
 }
+
 /// `SimpleEventManager` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub mod pybind {
+    use crate::events::pybind::PythonEventManager;
     use crate::events::SimpleEventManager;
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
     use crate::monitors::pybind::PythonMonitor;
@@ -438,7 +441,7 @@ pub mod pybind {
     /// Python class for SimpleEventManager
     pub struct PythonSimpleEventManager {
         /// Rust wrapped SimpleEventManager object
-        pub simple_event_manager: SimpleEventManager<BytesInput, PythonMonitor>,
+        pub inner: SimpleEventManager<BytesInput, PythonMonitor>,
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
@@ -446,9 +449,13 @@ pub mod pybind {
         #[new]
         fn new(py_monitor: PythonMonitor) -> Self {
             Self {
-                simple_event_manager: SimpleEventManager::new(py_monitor),
+                inner: SimpleEventManager::new(py_monitor),
             }
         }
+
+        fn as_manager(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonEventManager {
+            PythonEventManager::new_simple(slf)
+        }
     }
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module

libafl/src/executors/inprocess.rs

@@ -1673,45 +1673,39 @@ mod tests {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 /// `InProcess` Python bindings
 pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::bolts::tuples::tuple_list;
+    use crate::events::pybind::PythonEventManager;
+    use crate::executors::pybind::PythonExecutor;
     use crate::executors::{inprocess::OwnedInProcessExecutor, ExitKind};
+    use crate::fuzzer::pybind::PythonStdFuzzerWrapper;
     use crate::inputs::{BytesInput, HasBytesVec};
+    use crate::observers::pybind::PythonObserversTuple;
+    use crate::state::pybind::{PythonStdState, PythonStdStateWrapper};
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
     use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
 
-    macro_rules! define_python_in_process_executor {
-        ($struct_name:ident, $py_name:tt, $my_std_state_type_name: ident, $std_state_name: ident, $event_manager_name: ident, $observer_name: ident, $std_fuzzer_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::events::pybind::$event_manager_name;
-            use crate::fuzzer::pybind::$std_fuzzer_name;
-            use crate::observers::map::pybind::$observer_name;
-            use crate::state::pybind::{$my_std_state_type_name, $std_state_name};
-
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "InProcessExecutor")]
     #[derive(Debug)]
     /// Python class for OwnedInProcessExecutor (i.e. InProcessExecutor with owned harness)
-            pub struct $struct_name {
+    pub struct PythonOwnedInProcessExecutor {
         /// Rust wrapped OwnedInProcessExecutor object
-                pub owned_in_process_executor: OwnedInProcessExecutor<
-                    BytesInput,
-                    ($observer_name, ()),
-                    $my_std_state_type_name,
-                >,
+        pub inner: OwnedInProcessExecutor<BytesInput, PythonObserversTuple, PythonStdState>,
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name {
+    impl PythonOwnedInProcessExecutor {
         #[new]
         fn new(
             harness: PyObject,
-                    py_observer: $observer_name,
-                    py_fuzzer: &mut $std_fuzzer_name,
-                    py_state: &mut $std_state_name,
-                    py_event_manager: &mut $event_manager_name,
+            py_observers: PythonObserversTuple,
+            py_fuzzer: &mut PythonStdFuzzerWrapper,
+            py_state: &mut PythonStdStateWrapper,
+            py_event_manager: &mut PythonEventManager,
         ) -> Self {
             Self {
-                        owned_in_process_executor: OwnedInProcessExecutor::new(
+                inner: OwnedInProcessExecutor::new(
                     Box::new(move |input: &BytesInput| {
                         Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
                             let args = (PyBytes::new(py, input.bytes()),);
@@ -1721,105 +1715,24 @@ pub mod pybind {
                         .unwrap();
                         ExitKind::Ok
                     }),
-                            tuple_list!(py_observer),
-                            &mut py_fuzzer.std_fuzzer,
-                            &mut py_state.std_state,
+                    py_observers,
+                    py_fuzzer.unwrap_mut(),
+                    py_state.unwrap_mut(),
                     py_event_manager,
                 )
-                        .expect("Failed to create the Executor".into()),
+                .expect("Failed to create the Executor"),
             }
         }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn as_executor(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonExecutor {
+            PythonExecutor::new_inprocess(slf)
         }
-        };
     }
 
-    define_python_in_process_executor!(
-        PythonOwnedInProcessExecutor,
-        "OwnedInProcessExecutor",
-        PythonStdState,
-        PythonStdStateI8,
-        PythonEventManagerI8,
-        PythonMapObserverI8,
-        PythonStdFuzzerI8
-    );
-
-    define_python_in_process_executor!(
-        PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorI16,
-        "OwnedInProcessExecutorI16",
-        MyStdStateI16,
-        PythonStdStateI16,
-        PythonEventManagerI16,
-        PythonMapObserverI16,
-        PythonStdFuzzerI16
-    );
-    define_python_in_process_executor!(
-        PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorI32,
-        "OwnedInProcessExecutorI32",
-        MyStdStateI32,
-        PythonStdStateI32,
-        PythonEventManagerI32,
-        PythonMapObserverI32,
-        PythonStdFuzzerI32
-    );
-    define_python_in_process_executor!(
-        PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorI64,
-        "OwnedInProcessExecutorI64",
-        MyStdStateI64,
-        PythonStdStateI64,
-        PythonEventManagerI64,
-        PythonMapObserverI64,
-        PythonStdFuzzerI64
-    );
-
-    define_python_in_process_executor!(
-        PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorU8,
-        "OwnedInProcessExecutorU8",
-        MyStdStateU8,
-        PythonStdStateU8,
-        PythonEventManagerU8,
-        PythonMapObserverU8,
-        PythonStdFuzzerU8
-    );
-
-    define_python_in_process_executor!(
-        PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorU16,
-        "OwnedInProcessExecutorU16",
-        MyStdStateU16,
-        PythonStdStateU16,
-        PythonEventManagerU16,
-        PythonMapObserverU16,
-        PythonStdFuzzerU16
-    );
-    define_python_in_process_executor!(
-        PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorU32,
-        "OwnedInProcessExecutorU32",
-        MyStdStateU32,
-        PythonStdStateU32,
-        PythonEventManagerU32,
-        PythonMapObserverU32,
-        PythonStdFuzzerU32
-    );
-    define_python_in_process_executor!(
-        PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorU64,
-        "OwnedInProcessExecutorU64",
-        MyStdStateU64,
-        PythonStdStateU64,
-        PythonEventManagerU64,
-        PythonMapObserverU64,
-        PythonStdFuzzerU64
-    );
-
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorI64>()?;
-
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutorU64>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutor>()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }

libafl/src/executors/mod.rs

@@ -186,127 +186,253 @@ mod test {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 /// `Executor` Python bindings
 pub mod pybind {
+    use crate::events::pybind::PythonEventManager;
+    use crate::executors::inprocess::pybind::PythonOwnedInProcessExecutor;
     use crate::executors::{Executor, ExitKind, HasObservers};
-    use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
+    use crate::fuzzer::pybind::{PythonStdFuzzer, PythonStdFuzzerWrapper};
+    use crate::inputs::{BytesInput, HasBytesVec};
+    use crate::observers::pybind::PythonObserversTuple;
+    use crate::state::pybind::{PythonStdState, PythonStdStateWrapper};
     use crate::Error;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
+    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-    macro_rules! define_python_executor {
-        ($struct_name_trait:ident, $py_name_trait:tt, $wrapper_name: ident, $my_std_state_type_name: ident, $my_std_fuzzer_type_name: ident,
-             $event_manager_name: ident, $in_process_executor_name: ident, $observer_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::events::pybind::$event_manager_name;
-            use crate::executors::inprocess::pybind::$in_process_executor_name;
-            use crate::fuzzer::pybind::$my_std_fuzzer_type_name;
-            use crate::observers::pybind::$observer_name;
-            use crate::state::pybind::$my_std_state_type_name;
-
-            #[derive(Debug)]
-            enum $wrapper_name {
-                OwnedInProcess(*mut $in_process_executor_name),
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "ExitKind")]
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+    pub struct PythonExitKind {
+        pub inner: ExitKind,
     }
 
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name_trait)]
-            #[derive(Debug)]
-            /// Executor + HasObservers Trait binding
-            pub struct $struct_name_trait {
-                wrapper: $wrapper_name,
-            }
-
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
-                fn unwrap(
-                    &self,
-                ) -> &(impl Executor<
-                    $event_manager_name,
-                    BytesInput,
-                    $my_std_state_type_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                > + HasObservers<BytesInput, ($observer_name, ()), $my_std_state_type_name>) {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::OwnedInProcess(py_wrapper) => &(*py_wrapper).upcast(),
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn unwrap_mut(
-                    &mut self,
-                ) -> &mut (impl Executor<
-                    $event_manager_name,
-                    BytesInput,
-                    $my_std_state_type_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                > + HasObservers<BytesInput, ($observer_name, ()), $my_std_state_type_name>) {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::OwnedInProcess(py_wrapper) => {
-                                &mut (*py_wrapper).upcast_mut()
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+    impl From<ExitKind> for PythonExitKind {
+        fn from(inner: ExitKind) -> Self {
+            Self { inner }
         }
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
+    impl PythonExitKind {
+        fn __eq__(&self, other: &PythonExitKind) -> bool {
+            self.inner == other.inner
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        fn is_ok(&self) -> bool {
+            self.inner == ExitKind::Ok
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        fn is_crash(&self) -> bool {
+            self.inner == ExitKind::Crash
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        fn is_oom(&self) -> bool {
+            self.inner == ExitKind::Oom
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        fn is_timeout(&self) -> bool {
+            self.inner == ExitKind::Timeout
+        }
+
         #[staticmethod]
-                fn new_from_inprocess(
-                    owned_inprocess_executor: &mut $in_process_executor_name,
-                ) -> Self {
+        #[must_use]
+        fn ok() -> Self {
             Self {
-                        wrapper: $wrapper_name::OwnedInProcess(owned_inprocess_executor),
+                inner: ExitKind::Ok,
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        fn crash() -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: ExitKind::Crash,
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        fn oom() -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: ExitKind::Oom,
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        fn timeout() -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: ExitKind::Timeout,
             }
         }
     }
 
-            impl<I, S> HasObservers<I, ($observer_name, ()), S> for $struct_name_trait {
-                // #[inline]
-                fn observers(&self) -> &($observer_name, ()) {
-                    self.unwrap().observers()
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    pub struct PyObjectExecutor {
+        inner: PyObject,
+        tuple: PythonObserversTuple,
+    }
+
+    impl PyObjectExecutor {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            let tuple = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<PythonObserversTuple> {
+                obj.call_method1(py, "observers", ())?.extract(py)
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+            PyObjectExecutor { inner: obj, tuple }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl HasObservers<BytesInput, PythonObserversTuple, PythonStdState> for PyObjectExecutor {
+        #[inline]
+        fn observers(&self) -> &PythonObserversTuple {
+            &self.tuple
         }
 
         #[inline]
-                fn observers_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ($observer_name, ()) {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().observers_mut()
+        fn observers_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PythonObserversTuple {
+            &mut self.tuple
         }
     }
 
-            impl
-                Executor<
-                    $event_manager_name,
-                    BytesInput,
-                    $my_std_state_type_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                > for $struct_name_trait
+    impl Executor<PythonEventManager, BytesInput, PythonStdState, PythonStdFuzzer>
+        for PyObjectExecutor
     {
         #[inline]
         fn run_target(
             &mut self,
-                    fuzzer: &mut $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                    state: &mut $my_std_state_type_name,
-                    mgr: &mut $event_manager_name,
+            fuzzer: &mut PythonStdFuzzer,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            mgr: &mut PythonEventManager,
             input: &BytesInput,
         ) -> Result<ExitKind, Error> {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().run_target(fuzzer, state, mgr, input)
+            let ek = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                let ek: PythonExitKind = self
+                    .inner
+                    .call_method1(
+                        py,
+                        "run_target",
+                        (
+                            PythonStdFuzzerWrapper::wrap(fuzzer),
+                            PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state),
+                            mgr.clone(),
+                            input.bytes(),
+                        ),
+                    )?
+                    .extract(py)?;
+                Ok(ek)
+            })?;
+            Ok(ek.inner)
         }
     }
+
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    enum PythonExecutorWrapper {
+        InProcess(Py<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutor>),
+        Python(PyObjectExecutor),
+    }
+
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Executor")]
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    /// Executor + HasObservers Trait binding
+    pub struct PythonExecutor {
+        wrapper: PythonExecutorWrapper,
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonExecutorWrapper,
+                { InProcess },
+                {
+                    Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                        let $name = py_wrapper;
+                        $body
+                    }
+                }
+            )
         };
     }
 
-    define_python_executor!(
-        PythonExecutor,
-        "Executor",
-        PythonExecutorWrapper,
-        PythonStdState,
-        PythonStdFuzzer,
-        PythonEventManager,
-        PythonOwnedInProcessExecutor,
-        PythonObserver
-    );
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_mut_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonExecutorWrapper,
+                { InProcess },
+                {
+                    Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                        let $name = py_wrapper;
+                        $body
+                    }
+                }
+            )
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonExecutor {
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_inprocess(owned_inprocess_executor: Py<PythonOwnedInProcessExecutor>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonExecutorWrapper::InProcess(owned_inprocess_executor),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_py(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonExecutorWrapper::Python(PyObjectExecutor::new(obj)),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn unwrap_py(&self) -> Option<PyObject> {
+            match &self.wrapper {
+                PythonExecutorWrapper::Python(pyo) => Some(pyo.inner.clone()),
+                PythonExecutorWrapper::InProcess(_) => None,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl HasObservers<BytesInput, PythonObserversTuple, PythonStdState> for PythonExecutor {
+        #[inline]
+        fn observers(&self) -> &PythonObserversTuple {
+            let ptr = unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, e, {
+                e.observers() as *const PythonObserversTuple
+            });
+            unsafe { ptr.as_ref().unwrap() }
+        }
+
+        #[inline]
+        fn observers_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PythonObserversTuple {
+            let ptr = unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, e, {
+                e.observers_mut() as *mut PythonObserversTuple
+            });
+            unsafe { ptr.as_mut().unwrap() }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Executor<PythonEventManager, BytesInput, PythonStdState, PythonStdFuzzer> for PythonExecutor {
+        #[inline]
+        fn run_target(
+            &mut self,
+            fuzzer: &mut PythonStdFuzzer,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            mgr: &mut PythonEventManager,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+        ) -> Result<ExitKind, Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, e, { e.run_target(fuzzer, state, mgr, input) })
+        }
+    }
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+        m.add_class::<PythonExitKind>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonExecutor>()?;
         Ok(())
     }

libafl/src/feedbacks/map.rs

@@ -666,451 +666,117 @@ mod tests {
 
 /// `MapFeedback` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::bolts::{tuples::Named, AsMutIterator, AsRefIterator, HasLen};
-    use crate::observers::{map::OwnedMapObserver, MapObserver, Observer};
-    use crate::Error;
+    use super::{Debug, HasObserverName, MaxMapFeedback};
+    use crate::feedbacks::pybind::PythonFeedback;
+    use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
+    use crate::state::pybind::PythonStdState;
+    use concat_idents::concat_idents;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
-    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-    use std::slice::{Iter, IterMut};
 
-    macro_rules! define_python_map_observer {
-        ($struct_name:ident, $py_name:tt, $struct_name_trait:ident, $py_name_trait:tt, $datatype:ty, $wrapper_name: ident) => {
+    macro_rules! define_python_map_feedback {
+        ($struct_name:ident, $py_name:tt, $datatype:ty, $map_observer_type_name: ident, $my_std_state_type_name: ident) => {
+            use crate::observers::map::pybind::$map_observer_type_name;
+
             #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name)]
-            #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
-            /// Python class for OwnedMapObserver (i.e. StdMapObserver with owned map)
+            #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+            /// Python class for MaxMapFeedback
             pub struct $struct_name {
-                /// Rust wrapped OwnedMapObserver object
-                pub inner: OwnedMapObserver<$datatype>,
+                /// Rust wrapped MaxMapFeedback object
+                pub inner: MaxMapFeedback<
+                    BytesInput,
+                    $map_observer_type_name, /* PythonMapObserverI8 */
+                    $my_std_state_type_name,
+                    $datatype,
+                >,
             }
 
             #[pymethods]
             impl $struct_name {
                 #[new]
-                fn new(name: String, map: Vec<$datatype>) -> Self {
+                fn new(observer: &$map_observer_type_name) -> Self {
                     Self {
-                        //TODO: Not leak memory
-                        inner: OwnedMapObserver::new(Box::leak(name.into_boxed_str()), map),
-                    }
+                        inner: MaxMapFeedback::new(observer),
                     }
                 }
 
-            #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
-            enum $wrapper_name {
-                Owned($struct_name),
-            }
-
-            // Should not be exposed to user
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name_trait)]
-            #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
-            /// MapObserver + Observer Trait binding
-            pub struct $struct_name_trait {
-                pub wrapper: $wrapper_name,
-            }
-
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
-                fn unwrap(&self) -> &impl MapObserver<Entry = $datatype> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match &self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &py_wrapper.inner,
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn unwrap_mut(&mut self) -> &mut impl MapObserver<Entry = $datatype> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match &mut self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &mut py_wrapper.inner,
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn upcast<S>(&self) -> &impl Observer<BytesInput, S> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match &self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &py_wrapper.inner,
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn upcast_mut<S>(&mut self) -> &mut impl Observer<BytesInput, S> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match &mut self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &mut py_wrapper.inner,
-                        }
-                    }
+                #[must_use]
+                pub fn as_feedback(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonFeedback {
+                    concat_idents!(func = new_max_map_,$datatype {
+                           PythonFeedback::func(slf)
+                    })
                 }
             }
 
-            #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
-                #[staticmethod]
-                fn new_from_owned(owned_map: $struct_name) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        wrapper: $wrapper_name::Owned(owned_map),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl<'it> AsRefIterator<'it> for $struct_name_trait {
-                type Item = $datatype;
-                type IntoIter = Iter<'it, $datatype>;
-
-                fn as_ref_iter(&'it self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.as_ref_iter(),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl<'it> AsMutIterator<'it> for $struct_name_trait {
-                type Item = $datatype;
-                type IntoIter = IterMut<'it, $datatype>;
-
-                fn as_mut_iter(&'it mut self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.as_mut_iter(),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl MapObserver for $struct_name_trait {
-                type Entry = $datatype;
-
-                #[inline]
-                fn get(&self, idx: usize) -> &$datatype {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &py_wrapper.inner.get(idx),
-                    }
-                }
-
-                #[inline]
-                fn get_mut(&mut self, idx: usize) -> &mut $datatype {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.get_mut(idx),
-                    }
-                }
-
-                #[inline]
-                fn usable_count(&self) -> usize {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.wrapper.usable_count(),
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn hash(&self) -> u64 {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.hash(),
-                    }
-                }
-
-                #[inline]
-                fn initial(&self) -> $datatype {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.initial(),
-                    }
-                }
-
-                #[inline]
-                fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut $datatype {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.initial_mut(),
-                    }
-                }
-
-                #[inline]
-                fn set_initial(&mut self, initial: $datatype) {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => {
-                            py_wrapper.inner.set_initial(initial);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<$datatype> {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.to_vec(),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl Named for $struct_name_trait {
-                #[inline]
-                fn name(&self) -> &str {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.name(),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl HasLen for $struct_name_trait {
-                #[inline]
-                fn len(&self) -> usize {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.len(),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            impl<I, S> Observer<I, S> for $struct_name_trait
-            where
-                Self: MapObserver,
-            {
-                #[inline]
-                fn pre_exec(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &I) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => {
-                            py_wrapper.inner.pre_exec(_state, _input)
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    define_python_map_observer!(
-        PythonOwnedMapObserverI8,
-        "OwnedMapObserverI8",
-        PythonMapObserverI8,
-        "MapObserverI8",
-        i8,
-        PythonMapObserverWrapperI8
-    );
-    define_python_map_observer!(
-        PythonOwnedMapObserverI16,
-        "OwnedMapObserverI16",
-        PythonMapObserverI16,
-        "MapObserverI16",
-        i16,
-        PythonMapObserverWrapperI16
-    );
-    define_python_map_observer!(
-        PythonOwnedMapObserverI32,
-        "OwnedMapObserverI32",
-        PythonMapObserverI32,
-        "MapObserverI32",
-        i32,
-        PythonMapObserverWrapperI32
-    );
-    define_python_map_observer!(
-        PythonOwnedMapObserverI64,
-        "OwnedMapObserverI64",
-        PythonMapObserverI64,
-        "MapObserverI64",
-        i64,
-        PythonMapObserverWrapperI64
-    );
-
-    define_python_map_observer!(
-        PythonOwnedMapObserverU8,
-        "OwnedMapObserverU8",
-        PythonMapObserverU8,
-        "MapObserverU8",
-        u8,
-        PythonMapObserverWrapperU8
-    );
-    define_python_map_observer!(
-        PythonOwnedMapObserverU16,
-        "OwnedMapObserverU16",
-        PythonMapObserverU16,
-        "MapObserverU16",
-        u16,
-        PythonMapObserverWrapperU16
-    );
-    define_python_map_observer!(
-        PythonOwnedMapObserverU32,
-        "OwnedMapObserverU32",
-        PythonMapObserverU32,
-        "MapObserverU32",
-        u32,
-        PythonMapObserverWrapperU32
-    );
-    define_python_map_observer!(
-        PythonOwnedMapObserverU64,
-        "OwnedMapObserverU64",
-        PythonMapObserverU64,
-        "MapObserverU64",
-        u64,
-        PythonMapObserverWrapperU64
-    );
-
-    /// Register the classes to the python module
-    pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverI64>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverI64>()?;
-
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverU64>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverU64>()?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "python")]
-/// Map Feedback Python bindings
-pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::feedbacks::map::{MapFeedbackMetadata, MaxMapFeedback};
-    use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
-    use pyo3::prelude::*;
-
-    macro_rules! define_python_map_feedback {
-        ($map_feedback_state_struct_name:ident, $map_feedback_state_py_name:tt, $max_map_feedback_struct_name:ident,
-            $max_map_feedback_py_name:tt, $datatype:ty, $map_observer_name: ident, $std_state_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::observers::map::pybind::$map_observer_name;
-            use crate::state::pybind::$std_state_name;
-
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $map_feedback_state_py_name)]
-            #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-            /// Python class for MapFeedbackMetadata
-            pub struct $map_feedback_state_struct_name {
-                /// Rust wrapped MapFeedbackMetadata object
-                pub map_feedback_state: MapFeedbackMetadata<$datatype>,
-            }
-
-            #[pymethods]
-            impl $map_feedback_state_struct_name {
-                #[staticmethod]
-                fn with_observer(py_observer: &$map_observer_name) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        map_feedback_state: MapFeedbackMetadata::with_observer(py_observer),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $max_map_feedback_py_name)]
-            #[derive(Debug)]
-            /// Python class for MaxMapFeedback
-            pub struct $max_map_feedback_struct_name {
-                /// Rust wrapped MaxMapFeedback object
-                pub max_map_feedback:
-                    MaxMapFeedback<BytesInput, $map_observer_name, $std_state_name, $datatype>,
-            }
-
-            impl Clone for $max_map_feedback_struct_name {
-                fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        max_map_feedback: self.max_map_feedback.clone(),
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            #[pymethods]
-            impl $max_map_feedback_struct_name {
-                #[new]
-                fn new(
-                    py_feedback_state: &$map_feedback_state_struct_name,
-                    py_observer: &$map_observer_name,
-                ) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        max_map_feedback: MaxMapFeedback::new(
-                            &py_feedback_state.map_feedback_state,
-                            py_observer,
-                        ),
-                    }
+            impl HasObserverName for $struct_name {
+                fn observer_name(&self) -> &str {
+                    self.inner.observer_name()
                 }
             }
         };
     }
 
     define_python_map_feedback!(
-        PythonMapFeedbackMetadataI8,
-        "MapFeedbackMetadataI8",
         PythonMaxMapFeedbackI8,
         "MaxMapFeedbackI8",
         i8,
         PythonMapObserverI8,
-        MyStdStateI8
+        PythonStdState
     );
-
     define_python_map_feedback!(
-        PythonMapFeedbackMetadataI16,
-        "MapFeedbackMetadataI16",
         PythonMaxMapFeedbackI16,
         "MaxMapFeedbackI16",
         i16,
         PythonMapObserverI16,
-        MyStdStateI16
+        PythonStdState
     );
     define_python_map_feedback!(
-        PythonMapFeedbackMetadataI32,
-        "MapFeedbackMetadataI32",
         PythonMaxMapFeedbackI32,
         "MaxMapFeedbackI32",
         i32,
         PythonMapObserverI32,
-        MyStdStateI32
+        PythonStdState
     );
     define_python_map_feedback!(
-        PythonMapFeedbackMetadataI64,
-        "MapFeedbackMetadataI64",
         PythonMaxMapFeedbackI64,
         "MaxMapFeedbackI64",
         i64,
         PythonMapObserverI64,
-        MyStdStateI64
+        PythonStdState
     );
 
     define_python_map_feedback!(
-        PythonMapFeedbackMetadataU8,
-        "MapFeedbackMetadataU8",
         PythonMaxMapFeedbackU8,
         "MaxMapFeedbackU8",
         u8,
         PythonMapObserverU8,
-        MyStdStateU8
+        PythonStdState
     );
-
     define_python_map_feedback!(
-        PythonMapFeedbackMetadataU16,
-        "MapFeedbackMetadataU16",
         PythonMaxMapFeedbackU16,
         "MaxMapFeedbackU16",
         u16,
         PythonMapObserverU16,
-        MyStdStateU16
+        PythonStdState
     );
     define_python_map_feedback!(
-        PythonMapFeedbackMetadataU32,
-        "MapFeedbackMetadataU32",
         PythonMaxMapFeedbackU32,
         "MaxMapFeedbackU32",
         u32,
         PythonMapObserverU32,
-        MyStdStateU32
+        PythonStdState
     );
     define_python_map_feedback!(
-        PythonMapFeedbackMetadataU64,
-        "MapFeedbackMetadataU64",
         PythonMaxMapFeedbackU64,
         "MaxMapFeedbackU64",
         u64,
         PythonMapObserverU64,
-        MyStdStateU64
+        PythonStdState
     );
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapFeedbackMetadataI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapFeedbackMetadataI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapFeedbackMetadataI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapFeedbackMetadataI64>()?;
-
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapFeedbackMetadataU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapFeedbackMetadataU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapFeedbackMetadataU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonMapFeedbackMetadataU64>()?;
-
         m.add_class::<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI8>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI16>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI32>()?;

libafl/src/feedbacks/mod.rs

@@ -1038,112 +1038,577 @@ impl From<bool> for ConstFeedback {
 
 /// `Feedback` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
+    use super::{
+        ConstFeedback, CrashFeedback, Debug, EagerAndFeedback, EagerOrFeedback, FastAndFeedback,
+        FastOrFeedback, Feedback, NotFeedback, String, ToString,
+    };
+    use crate::corpus::testcase::pybind::{PythonTestcase, PythonTestcaseWrapper};
+    use crate::events::pybind::PythonEventManager;
+    use crate::executors::pybind::PythonExitKind;
+    use crate::feedbacks::map::pybind::{
+        PythonMaxMapFeedbackI16, PythonMaxMapFeedbackI32, PythonMaxMapFeedbackI64,
+        PythonMaxMapFeedbackI8, PythonMaxMapFeedbackU16, PythonMaxMapFeedbackU32,
+        PythonMaxMapFeedbackU64, PythonMaxMapFeedbackU8,
+    };
+    use crate::inputs::HasBytesVec;
+    use crate::observers::pybind::PythonObserversTuple;
+    use crate::state::pybind::{PythonStdState, PythonStdStateWrapper};
     use crate::{
         bolts::tuples::Named, corpus::Testcase, events::EventFirer, executors::ExitKind,
-        feedbacks::Feedback, observers::ObserversTuple, Error,
+        inputs::BytesInput, observers::ObserversTuple, Error,
     };
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
-
-    macro_rules! define_python_feedback {
-        ($struct_name_trait:ident, $py_name_trait:tt, $wrapper_name: ident, $my_std_state_type_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::observers::map::pybind::PythonMaxMapFeedbackI8;
-            use crate::state::pybind::$my_std_state_type_name;
+    use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
-            enum $wrapper_name {
-                MaxMapI8(*mut PythonMaxMapFeedbackI8),
+    pub struct PyObjectFeedback {
+        inner: PyObject,
+        name: UnsafeCell<String>,
     }
 
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name_trait)]
+    impl Clone for PyObjectFeedback {
+        fn clone(&self) -> PyObjectFeedback {
+            PyObjectFeedback {
+                inner: self.inner.clone(),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl PyObjectFeedback {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            PyObjectFeedback {
+                inner: obj,
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // crate::impl_serde_pyobjectwrapper!(PyObjectObserver, inner);
+
+    impl Named for PyObjectFeedback {
+        fn name(&self) -> &str {
+            let s = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<String> {
+                let s: String = self.inner.call_method0(py, "name")?.extract(py)?;
+                Ok(s)
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+            unsafe {
+                *self.name.get() = s;
+                &*self.name.get()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Feedback<BytesInput, PythonStdState> for PyObjectFeedback {
+        fn init_state(&mut self, state: &mut PythonStdState) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner
+                    .call_method1(py, "init_state", (PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state),))?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            manager: &mut EM,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+            observers: &OT,
+            exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+        ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+        where
+            EM: EventFirer<BytesInput>,
+            OT: ObserversTuple<BytesInput, PythonStdState>,
+        {
+            // SAFETY: We use this observer in Python ony when the ObserverTuple is PythonObserversTuple
+            let dont_look_at_this: &PythonObserversTuple =
+                unsafe { &*(observers as *const OT as *const PythonObserversTuple) };
+            let dont_look_at_this2: &PythonEventManager =
+                unsafe { &*(manager as *mut EM as *const PythonEventManager) };
+            Ok(Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<bool> {
+                let r: bool = self
+                    .inner
+                    .call_method1(
+                        py,
+                        "is_interesting",
+                        (
+                            PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state),
+                            dont_look_at_this2.clone(),
+                            input.bytes(),
+                            dont_look_at_this.clone(),
+                            PythonExitKind::from(*exit_kind),
+                        ),
+                    )?
+                    .extract(py)?;
+                Ok(r)
+            })?)
+        }
+
+        fn append_metadata(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            testcase: &mut PythonTestcase,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner.call_method1(
+                    py,
+                    "append_metadata",
+                    (
+                        PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state),
+                        PythonTestcaseWrapper::wrap(testcase),
+                    ),
+                )?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        fn discard_metadata(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner.call_method1(
+                    py,
+                    "discard_metadata",
+                    (PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state), input.bytes()),
+                )?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "CrashFeedback")]
+    pub struct PythonCrashFeedback {
+        pub inner: CrashFeedback,
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonCrashFeedback {
+        #[new]
+        fn new() -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: CrashFeedback::new(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn as_feedback(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonFeedback {
+            PythonFeedback::new_crash(slf)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "ConstFeedback")]
+    pub struct PythonConstFeedback {
+        pub inner: ConstFeedback,
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonConstFeedback {
+        #[new]
+        fn new(v: bool) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: ConstFeedback::new(v),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn as_feedback(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonFeedback {
+            PythonFeedback::new_const(slf)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "NotFeedback")]
+    pub struct PythonNotFeedback {
+        pub inner: NotFeedback<PythonFeedback, BytesInput, PythonStdState>,
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonNotFeedback {
+        #[new]
+        fn new(feedback: PythonFeedback) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: NotFeedback::new(feedback),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn as_feedback(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonFeedback {
+            PythonFeedback::new_not(slf)
+        }
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! define_combined {
+        ($feed:ident, $pyname:ident, $pystring:tt, $method:ident) => {
+            #[derive(Debug)]
+            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $pystring)]
+            pub struct $pyname {
+                pub inner: $feed<PythonFeedback, PythonFeedback, BytesInput, PythonStdState>,
+            }
+
+            #[pymethods]
+            impl $pyname {
+                #[new]
+                fn new(a: PythonFeedback, b: PythonFeedback) -> Self {
+                    Self {
+                        inner: $feed::new(a, b),
+                    }
+                }
+
+                #[must_use]
+                pub fn as_feedback(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonFeedback {
+                    PythonFeedback::$method(slf)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    define_combined!(
+        EagerAndFeedback,
+        PythonEagerAndFeedback,
+        "EagerAndFeedback",
+        new_and
+    );
+    define_combined!(
+        FastAndFeedback,
+        PythonFastAndFeedback,
+        "FastAndFeedback",
+        new_fast_and
+    );
+    define_combined!(
+        EagerOrFeedback,
+        PythonEagerOrFeedback,
+        "EagerOrFeedback",
+        new_or
+    );
+    define_combined!(
+        FastOrFeedback,
+        PythonFastOrFeedback,
+        "FastOrFeedback",
+        new_fast_or
+    );
+
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    pub enum PythonFeedbackWrapper {
+        MaxMapI8(Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI8>),
+        MaxMapI16(Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI16>),
+        MaxMapI32(Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI32>),
+        MaxMapI64(Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI64>),
+        MaxMapU8(Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackU8>),
+        MaxMapU16(Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackU16>),
+        MaxMapU32(Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackU32>),
+        MaxMapU64(Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackU64>),
+        Crash(Py<PythonCrashFeedback>),
+        Const(Py<PythonConstFeedback>),
+        Not(Py<PythonNotFeedback>),
+        And(Py<PythonEagerAndFeedback>),
+        FastAnd(Py<PythonFastAndFeedback>),
+        Or(Py<PythonEagerOrFeedback>),
+        FastOr(Py<PythonFastOrFeedback>),
+        Python(PyObjectFeedback),
+    }
+
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Feedback")]
     #[derive(Debug)]
     /// Observer Trait binding
-            pub struct $struct_name_trait {
-                pub wrapper: $wrapper_name,
+    pub struct PythonFeedback {
+        pub wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper,
+        name: UnsafeCell<String>,
     }
 
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
-                fn unwrap(&self) -> &impl Feedback<BytesInput, $my_std_state_type_name> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::MaxMapI8(py_wrapper) => &(*py_wrapper).upcast(),
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonFeedbackWrapper,
+                {
+                    MaxMapI8,
+                    MaxMapI16,
+                    MaxMapI32,
+                    MaxMapI64,
+                    MaxMapU8,
+                    MaxMapU16,
+                    MaxMapU32,
+                    MaxMapU64,
+                    Crash,
+                    Const,
+                    Not,
+                    And,
+                    FastAnd,
+                    Or,
+                    FastOr
+                },
+                {
+                     Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                         let $name = py_wrapper;
+                         $body
                      }
                 }
+            )
+        };
     }
 
-                fn unwrap_mut(
-                    &mut self,
-                ) -> &mut impl Feedback<BytesInput, $my_std_state_type_name> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::MaxMapI8(py_wrapper) => &mut (*py_wrapper).upcast_mut(),
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_mut_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonFeedbackWrapper,
+                {
+                    MaxMapI8,
+                    MaxMapI16,
+                    MaxMapI32,
+                    MaxMapI64,
+                    MaxMapU8,
+                    MaxMapU16,
+                    MaxMapU32,
+                    MaxMapU64,
+                    Crash,
+                    Const,
+                    Not,
+                    And,
+                    FastAnd,
+                    Or,
+                    FastOr
+                },
+                {
+                     Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                         let $name = py_wrapper;
+                         $body
                      }
                 }
+            )
+        };
+    }
+
+    impl Clone for PythonFeedback {
+        fn clone(&self) -> PythonFeedback {
+            PythonFeedback {
+                wrapper: self.wrapper.clone(),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
         }
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
+    impl PythonFeedback {
         #[staticmethod]
-                fn new_map(map_feedback: &mut PythonMaxMapFeedbackI8) -> Self {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_max_map_i8(map_feedback: Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI8>) -> Self {
             Self {
-                        observer: $wrapper_name::MaxMapI8(map_feedback),
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::MaxMapI8(map_feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_max_map_i16(map_feedback: Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI16>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::MaxMapI16(map_feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_max_map_i32(map_feedback: Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI32>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::MaxMapI32(map_feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_max_map_i64(map_feedback: Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackI64>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::MaxMapI64(map_feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_max_map_u8(map_feedback: Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackU8>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::MaxMapU8(map_feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_max_map_u16(map_feedback: Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackU16>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::MaxMapU16(map_feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_max_map_u32(map_feedback: Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackU32>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::MaxMapU32(map_feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_max_map_u64(map_feedback: Py<PythonMaxMapFeedbackU64>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::MaxMapU64(map_feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_crash(feedback: Py<PythonCrashFeedback>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::Crash(feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_const(feedback: Py<PythonConstFeedback>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::Const(feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_not(feedback: Py<PythonNotFeedback>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::Not(feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_and(feedback: Py<PythonEagerAndFeedback>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::And(feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_fast_and(feedback: Py<PythonFastAndFeedback>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::FastAnd(feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_or(feedback: Py<PythonEagerOrFeedback>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::Or(feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_fast_or(feedback: Py<PythonFastOrFeedback>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::FastOr(feedback),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_py(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonFeedbackWrapper::Python(PyObjectFeedback::new(obj)),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub fn unwrap_py(&self) -> Option<PyObject> {
+            match &self.wrapper {
+                PythonFeedbackWrapper::Python(pyo) => Some(pyo.inner.clone()),
+                _ => None,
             }
         }
     }
 
-            impl Named for $struct_name_trait {
+    impl Named for PythonFeedback {
         fn name(&self) -> &str {
-                    self.unwrap().name()
+            let s = unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, f, { f.name().to_string() });
+            unsafe {
+                *self.name.get() = s;
+                &*self.name.get()
+            }
         }
     }
 
-            impl Feedback<BytesInput, $my_std_state_type_name> for $struct_name_trait {
-                fn init_state(&mut self, state: &mut S) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().init_state(state)
+    impl Feedback<BytesInput, PythonStdState> for PythonFeedback {
+        fn init_state(&mut self, state: &mut PythonStdState) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, f, {
+                Feedback::<BytesInput, PythonStdState>::init_state(f, state)
+            })
         }
 
         fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
             &mut self,
-                    state: &mut S,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
             manager: &mut EM,
-                    input: &I,
+            input: &BytesInput,
             observers: &OT,
             exit_kind: &ExitKind,
         ) -> Result<bool, Error>
         where
-                    EM: EventFirer<I>,
-                    OT: ObserversTuple<I, S>,
+            EM: EventFirer<BytesInput>,
+            OT: ObserversTuple<BytesInput, PythonStdState>,
         {
-                    self.unwrap_mut()
-                        .is_interesting(state, manager, input, observers, exit_kind)
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, f, {
+                f.is_interesting(state, manager, input, observers, exit_kind)
+            })
         }
 
         fn append_metadata(
             &mut self,
-                    state: &mut S,
-                    testcase: &mut Testcase<I>,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            testcase: &mut Testcase<BytesInput>,
         ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().append_metadata(state, testcase)
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, f, { f.append_metadata(state, testcase) })
         }
 
-                fn discard_metadata(&mut self, state: &mut S, input: &I) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().discard_metadata(state, input)
+        fn discard_metadata(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, f, { f.discard_metadata(state, input) })
         }
     }
-        };
-    }
-
-    define_python_feedback!(
-        PythonFeedback,
-        "Feedback",
-        PythonFeedbackWrapper,
-        PythonStdState,
-    );
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+        m.add_class::<PythonCrashFeedback>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonConstFeedback>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonNotFeedback>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonEagerAndFeedback>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonFastAndFeedback>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonEagerOrFeedback>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonFastOrFeedback>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonFeedback>()?;
         Ok(())
     }

libafl/src/fuzzer/mod.rs

@@ -669,197 +669,104 @@ where
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 /// `Fuzzer` Python bindings
 pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::feedbacks::{CrashFeedback, MaxMapFeedback};
-    use crate::fuzzer::{Fuzzer, StdFuzzer};
+    use crate::bolts::ownedref::OwnedPtrMut;
+    use crate::events::pybind::PythonEventManager;
+    use crate::executors::pybind::PythonExecutor;
+    use crate::feedbacks::pybind::PythonFeedback;
+    use crate::fuzzer::{Evaluator, Fuzzer, StdFuzzer};
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
+    use crate::observers::pybind::PythonObserversTuple;
     use crate::schedulers::QueueScheduler;
+    use crate::stages::pybind::PythonStagesTuple;
+    use crate::state::pybind::{PythonStdState, PythonStdStateWrapper};
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
 
-    macro_rules! define_python_fuzzer {
-        ($type_name:ident, $struct_name:ident, $py_name:tt, $datatype:ty, $my_std_state_type_name: ident, $std_state_name: ident,
-            $event_manager_name: ident, $map_observer_name: ident, $max_map_feedback_py_name: ident, $executor_name: ident, $stage_tuple_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::events::pybind::$event_manager_name;
-            use crate::executors::pybind::$executor_name;
-            use crate::feedbacks::map::pybind::$max_map_feedback_py_name;
-            use crate::observers::map::pybind::$map_observer_name;
-            use crate::stages::owned::pybind::$stage_tuple_name;
-            use crate::state::pybind::{$my_std_state_type_name, $std_state_name};
-
     /// `StdFuzzer` with fixed generics
-            pub type $type_name = StdFuzzer<
+    pub type PythonStdFuzzer = StdFuzzer<
         QueueScheduler,
-                MaxMapFeedback<BytesInput, $map_observer_name, $my_std_state_type_name, $datatype>,
+        PythonFeedback,
         BytesInput,
-                CrashFeedback,
-                ($map_observer_name, ()),
-                $my_std_state_type_name,
+        PythonFeedback,
+        PythonObserversTuple,
+        PythonStdState,
     >;
+
     /// Python class for StdFuzzer
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "StdFuzzer")]
     #[derive(Debug)]
-            pub struct $struct_name {
+    pub struct PythonStdFuzzerWrapper {
         /// Rust wrapped StdFuzzer object
-                pub std_fuzzer: $type_name,
+        pub inner: OwnedPtrMut<PythonStdFuzzer>,
+    }
+
+    impl PythonStdFuzzerWrapper {
+        pub fn wrap(r: &mut PythonStdFuzzer) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: OwnedPtrMut::Ptr(r),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn unwrap(&self) -> &PythonStdFuzzer {
+            self.inner.as_ref()
+        }
+
+        pub fn unwrap_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PythonStdFuzzer {
+            self.inner.as_mut()
+        }
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name {
+    impl PythonStdFuzzerWrapper {
         #[new]
-                fn new(py_max_map_feedback: $max_map_feedback_py_name) -> Self {
+        fn new(py_feedback: PythonFeedback, py_objective: PythonFeedback) -> Self {
             Self {
-                        std_fuzzer: StdFuzzer::new(
+                inner: OwnedPtrMut::Owned(Box::new(StdFuzzer::new(
                     QueueScheduler::new(),
-                            py_max_map_feedback.max_map_feedback,
-                            CrashFeedback::new(),
-                        ),
+                    py_feedback,
+                    py_objective,
+                ))),
             }
         }
 
+        fn add_input(
+            &mut self,
+            py_state: &mut PythonStdStateWrapper,
+            py_executor: &mut PythonExecutor,
+            py_mgr: &mut PythonEventManager,
+            input: Vec<u8>,
+        ) -> usize {
+            self.inner
+                .as_mut()
+                .add_input(
+                    py_state.unwrap_mut(),
+                    py_executor,
+                    py_mgr,
+                    BytesInput::new(input),
+                )
+                .expect("Failed to add input")
+        }
+
         fn fuzz_loop(
             &mut self,
-                    py_executor: &mut $executor_name,
-                    py_state: &mut $std_state_name,
-                    py_mgr: &mut $event_manager_name,
-                    stage_tuple: &mut $stage_tuple_name,
+            py_executor: &mut PythonExecutor,
+            py_state: &mut PythonStdStateWrapper,
+            py_mgr: &mut PythonEventManager,
+            stages_tuple: &mut PythonStagesTuple,
         ) {
-                    self.std_fuzzer
-                        .fuzz_loop(
-                            &mut stage_tuple.stages_owned_list,
-                            py_executor,
-                            &mut py_state.std_state,
-                            py_mgr,
-                        )
-                        .expect("Failed to generate the initial corpus".into());
+            self.inner
+                .as_mut()
+                .fuzz_loop(stages_tuple, py_executor, py_state.unwrap_mut(), py_mgr)
+                .expect("Failed to generate the initial corpus");
         }
     }
-        };
-    }
-
-    define_python_fuzzer!(
-        MyStdFuzzerI8,
-        PythonStdFuzzerI8,
-        "StdFuzzerI8",
-        i8,
-        MyStdStateI8,
-        PythonStdStateI8,
-        PythonEventManagerI8,
-        PythonMapObserverI8,
-        PythonMaxMapFeedbackI8,
-        PythonExecutorI8,
-        PythonStagesOwnedListI8
-    );
-
-    define_python_fuzzer!(
-        MyStdFuzzerI16,
-        PythonStdFuzzerI16,
-        "StdFuzzerI16",
-        i16,
-        MyStdStateI16,
-        PythonStdStateI16,
-        PythonEventManagerI16,
-        PythonMapObserverI16,
-        PythonMaxMapFeedbackI16,
-        PythonExecutorI16,
-        PythonStagesOwnedListI16
-    );
-
-    define_python_fuzzer!(
-        MyStdFuzzerI32,
-        PythonStdFuzzerI32,
-        "StdFuzzerI32",
-        i32,
-        MyStdStateI32,
-        PythonStdStateI32,
-        PythonEventManagerI32,
-        PythonMapObserverI32,
-        PythonMaxMapFeedbackI32,
-        PythonExecutorI32,
-        PythonStagesOwnedListI32
-    );
-
-    define_python_fuzzer!(
-        MyStdFuzzerI64,
-        PythonStdFuzzerI64,
-        "StdFuzzerI64",
-        i64,
-        MyStdStateI64,
-        PythonStdStateI64,
-        PythonEventManagerI64,
-        PythonMapObserverI64,
-        PythonMaxMapFeedbackI64,
-        PythonExecutorI64,
-        PythonStagesOwnedListI64
-    );
-
-    define_python_fuzzer!(
-        MyStdFuzzerU8,
-        PythonStdFuzzerU8,
-        "StdFuzzerU8",
-        u8,
-        MyStdStateU8,
-        PythonStdStateU8,
-        PythonEventManagerU8,
-        PythonMapObserverU8,
-        PythonMaxMapFeedbackU8,
-        PythonExecutorU8,
-        PythonStagesOwnedListU8
-    );
-
-    define_python_fuzzer!(
-        MyStdFuzzerU16,
-        PythonStdFuzzerU16,
-        "StdFuzzerU16",
-        u16,
-        MyStdStateU16,
-        PythonStdStateU16,
-        PythonEventManagerU16,
-        PythonMapObserverU16,
-        PythonMaxMapFeedbackU16,
-        PythonExecutorU16,
-        PythonStagesOwnedListU16
-    );
-
-    define_python_fuzzer!(
-        MyStdFuzzerU32,
-        PythonStdFuzzerU32,
-        "StdFuzzerU32",
-        u32,
-        MyStdStateU32,
-        PythonStdStateU32,
-        PythonEventManagerU32,
-        PythonMapObserverU32,
-        PythonMaxMapFeedbackU32,
-        PythonExecutorU32,
-        PythonStagesOwnedListU32
-    );
-
-    define_python_fuzzer!(
-        MyStdFuzzerU64,
-        PythonStdFuzzerU64,
-        "StdFuzzerU64",
-        u64,
-        MyStdStateU64,
-        PythonStdStateU64,
-        PythonEventManagerU64,
-        PythonMapObserverU64,
-        PythonMaxMapFeedbackU64,
-        PythonExecutorU64,
-        PythonStagesOwnedListU64
-    );
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdFuzzerI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdFuzzerI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdFuzzerI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdFuzzerI64>()?;
-
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdFuzzerU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdFuzzerU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdFuzzerU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdFuzzerU64>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdFuzzerWrapper>()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }

libafl/src/generators/mod.rs

@@ -127,88 +127,199 @@ where
 }
 
 /// `Generator` Python bindings
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
 pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::generators::RandPrintablesGenerator;
+    use crate::generators::{Generator, RandBytesGenerator, RandPrintablesGenerator};
+    use crate::inputs::{BytesInput, HasBytesVec};
+    use crate::state::pybind::{PythonStdState, PythonStdStateWrapper};
+    use crate::Error;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
 
-    macro_rules! define_python_event_manager {
-        ($struct_name:ident, $py_name:tt, $my_std_state_type_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::state::pybind::$my_std_state_type_name;
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    pub struct PyObjectGenerator {
+        inner: PyObject,
+    }
 
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name)]
-            /// Python class for RandPrintablesGenerator
-            #[derive(Debug)]
-            pub struct $struct_name {
-                /// Rust wrapped SimpleEventManager object
-                pub rand_printable_generator: RandPrintablesGenerator<$my_std_state_type_name>,
+    impl PyObjectGenerator {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            PyObjectGenerator { inner: obj }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Generator<BytesInput, PythonStdState> for PyObjectGenerator {
+        fn generate(&mut self, state: &mut PythonStdState) -> Result<BytesInput, Error> {
+            let bytes = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<Vec<u8>> {
+                self.inner
+                    .call_method1(py, "generate", (PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state),))?
+                    .extract(py)
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+            Ok(BytesInput::new(bytes))
+        }
+
+        fn generate_dummy(&self, state: &mut PythonStdState) -> BytesInput {
+            let bytes = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<Vec<u8>> {
+                self.inner
+                    .call_method1(py, "generate_dummy", (PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state),))?
+                    .extract(py)
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+            BytesInput::new(bytes)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "RandBytesGenerator")]
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    /// Python class for RandBytesGenerator
+    pub struct PythonRandBytesGenerator {
+        /// Rust wrapped RandBytesGenerator object
+        pub inner: RandBytesGenerator<PythonStdState>,
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name {
+    impl PythonRandBytesGenerator {
         #[new]
         fn new(max_size: usize) -> Self {
             Self {
-                        rand_printable_generator: RandPrintablesGenerator::new(max_size),
+                inner: RandBytesGenerator::new(max_size),
             }
         }
+
+        fn generate(&mut self, state: &mut PythonStdStateWrapper) -> Vec<u8> {
+            self.inner
+                .generate(state.unwrap_mut())
+                .expect("PythonRandBytesGenerator::generate failed")
+                .bytes()
+                .to_vec()
         }
+
+        fn as_generator(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonGenerator {
+            PythonGenerator::new_rand_bytes(slf)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "RandPrintablesGenerator")]
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    /// Python class for RandPrintablesGenerator
+    pub struct PythonRandPrintablesGenerator {
+        /// Rust wrapped RandPrintablesGenerator object
+        pub inner: RandPrintablesGenerator<PythonStdState>,
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonRandPrintablesGenerator {
+        #[new]
+        fn new(max_size: usize) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: RandPrintablesGenerator::new(max_size),
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn generate(&mut self, state: &mut PythonStdStateWrapper) -> Vec<u8> {
+            self.inner
+                .generate(state.unwrap_mut())
+                .expect("PythonRandPrintablesGenerator::generate failed")
+                .bytes()
+                .to_vec()
+        }
+
+        fn as_generator(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonGenerator {
+            PythonGenerator::new_rand_printables(slf)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    enum PythonGeneratorWrapper {
+        RandBytes(Py<PythonRandBytesGenerator>),
+        RandPrintables(Py<PythonRandPrintablesGenerator>),
+        Python(PyObjectGenerator),
+    }
+
+    /// Rand Trait binding
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Generator")]
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    pub struct PythonGenerator {
+        wrapper: PythonGeneratorWrapper,
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonGeneratorWrapper,
+                { RandBytes, RandPrintables },
+                {
+                    Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                        let $name = py_wrapper;
+                        $body
+                    }
+                }
+            )
         };
     }
 
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorI8,
-        "RandPrintablesGeneratorI8",
-        MyStdStateI8
-    );
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorI16,
-        "RandPrintablesGeneratorI16",
-        MyStdStateI16
-    );
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorI32,
-        "RandPrintablesGeneratorI32",
-        MyStdStateI32
-    );
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorI64,
-        "RandPrintablesGeneratorI64",
-        MyStdStateI64
-    );
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_mut_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonGeneratorWrapper,
+                { RandBytes, RandPrintables },
+                {
+                    Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                        let $name = py_wrapper;
+                        $body
+                    }
+                }
+            )
+        };
+    }
 
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorU8,
-        "RandPrintablesGeneratorU8",
-        MyStdStateU8
-    );
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorU16,
-        "RandPrintablesGeneratorU16",
-        MyStdStateU16
-    );
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorU32,
-        "RandPrintablesGeneratorU32",
-        MyStdStateU32
-    );
-    define_python_event_manager!(
-        PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorU64,
-        "RandPrintablesGeneratorU64",
-        MyStdStateU64
-    );
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonGenerator {
+        #[staticmethod]
+        fn new_rand_bytes(py_gen: Py<PythonRandBytesGenerator>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonGeneratorWrapper::RandBytes(py_gen),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        fn new_rand_printables(py_gen: Py<PythonRandPrintablesGenerator>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonGeneratorWrapper::RandPrintables(py_gen),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_py(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonGeneratorWrapper::Python(PyObjectGenerator::new(obj)),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn unwrap_py(&self) -> Option<PyObject> {
+            match &self.wrapper {
+                PythonGeneratorWrapper::Python(pyo) => Some(pyo.inner.clone()),
+                _ => None,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Generator<BytesInput, PythonStdState> for PythonGenerator {
+        fn generate(&mut self, state: &mut PythonStdState) -> Result<BytesInput, Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, g, { g.generate(state) })
+        }
+
+        fn generate_dummy(&self, state: &mut PythonStdState) -> BytesInput {
+            unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, g, { g.generate_dummy(state) })
+        }
+    }
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-        m.add_class::<PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorI64>()?;
-
-        m.add_class::<PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonRandPrintablesGeneratorU64>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonRandBytesGenerator>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonRandPrintablesGenerator>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonGenerator>()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }

libafl/src/lib.rs

@@ -371,6 +371,22 @@ impl From<TryFromSliceError> for Error {
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "python")]
+impl From<pyo3::PyErr> for Error {
+    fn from(err: pyo3::PyErr) -> Self {
+        pyo3::Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            if err.matches(
+                py,
+                pyo3::types::PyType::new::<pyo3::exceptions::PyKeyboardInterrupt>(py),
+            ) {
+                Self::shutting_down()
+            } else {
+                Self::illegal_state(format!("Python exception: {:?}", err))
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 impl std::error::Error for Error {}
 
@@ -464,15 +480,162 @@ pub extern "C" fn external_current_millis() -> u64 {
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub mod pybind {
+    use super::{
+        bolts, corpus, events, executors, feedbacks, fuzzer, generators, monitors, mutators,
+        observers, stages, state,
+    };
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "python")]
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    pub struct PythonMetadata {
+        pub map: PyObject,
+    }
+
+    crate::impl_serde_pyobjectwrapper!(PythonMetadata, map);
+    crate::impl_serdeany!(PythonMetadata);
+
+    impl PythonMetadata {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new(map: PyObject) -> Self {
+            Self { map }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[macro_export]
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_body {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block, $wrapper_type:ident, { $($wrapper_option:tt),* }) => {
+            match &$wrapper {
+                $(
+                    $wrapper_type::$wrapper_option(py_wrapper) => {
+                        Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                            let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                            let $name = &borrowed.inner;
+                            Ok($body)
+                        })
+                        .unwrap()
+                    }
+                )*
+            }
+        };
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block, $wrapper_type:ident, { $($wrapper_option:tt),* }, { $($wrapper_optional:tt($pw:ident) => $code_block:block)* }) => {
+            match &$wrapper {
+                $(
+                    $wrapper_type::$wrapper_option(py_wrapper) => {
+                        Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                            let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                            let $name = &borrowed.inner;
+                            Ok($body)
+                        })
+                        .unwrap()
+                    }
+                )*
+                $($wrapper_type::$wrapper_optional($pw) => { $code_block })*
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[macro_export]
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut_body {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block, $wrapper_type:ident, { $($wrapper_option:tt),*}) => {
+            match &mut $wrapper {
+                $(
+                    $wrapper_type::$wrapper_option(py_wrapper) => {
+                        Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                            let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                            let $name = &mut borrowed.inner;
+                            Ok($body)
+                        })
+                        .unwrap()
+                    }
+                )*
+            }
+        };
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block, $wrapper_type:ident, { $($wrapper_option:tt),*}, { $($wrapper_optional:tt($pw:ident) => $code_block:block)* }) => {
+            match &mut $wrapper {
+                $(
+                    $wrapper_type::$wrapper_option(py_wrapper) => {
+                        Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                            let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                            let $name = &mut borrowed.inner;
+                            Ok($body)
+                        })
+                        .unwrap()
+                    }
+                )*
+                $($wrapper_type::$wrapper_optional($pw) => { $code_block })*
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[macro_export]
+    macro_rules! impl_serde_pyobjectwrapper {
+        ($struct_name:ident, $inner:tt) => {
+            const _: () = {
+                use pyo3::prelude::*;
+                use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
+
+                impl Serialize for $struct_name {
+                    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+                    where
+                        S: Serializer,
+                    {
+                        let buf = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<Vec<u8>> {
+                            let pickle = PyModule::import(py, "pickle")?;
+                            let buf: Vec<u8> =
+                                pickle.getattr("dumps")?.call1((&self.$inner,))?.extract()?;
+                            Ok(buf)
+                        })
+                        .unwrap();
+                        serializer.serialize_bytes(&buf)
+                    }
+                }
+
+                struct PyObjectVisitor;
+
+                impl<'de> serde::de::Visitor<'de> for PyObjectVisitor {
+                    type Value = $struct_name;
+
+                    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+                        formatter
+                            .write_str("Expecting some bytes to deserialize from the Python side")
+                    }
+
+                    fn visit_byte_buf<E>(self, v: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
+                    where
+                        E: serde::de::Error,
+                    {
+                        let obj = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+                            let pickle = PyModule::import(py, "pickle")?;
+                            let obj = pickle.getattr("loads")?.call1((v,))?.to_object(py);
+                            Ok(obj)
+                        })
+                        .unwrap();
+                        Ok($struct_name::new(obj))
+                    }
+                }
+
+                impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for $struct_name {
+                    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+                    where
+                        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+                    {
+                        deserializer.deserialize_byte_buf(PyObjectVisitor)
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        };
+    }
+
     #[pymodule]
     #[pyo3(name = "libafl")]
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn python_module(py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
         observers::map::pybind::register(py, m)?;
+        observers::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         feedbacks::map::pybind::register(py, m)?;
+        feedbacks::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         state::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         monitors::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         events::pybind::register(py, m)?;
@@ -481,13 +644,16 @@ pub fn python_module(py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
         executors::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         executors::inprocess::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         generators::pybind::register(py, m)?;
+        mutators::pybind::register(py, m)?;
+        mutators::scheduled::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         corpus::pybind::register(py, m)?;
+        corpus::testcase::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         corpus::ondisk::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         corpus::inmemory::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         corpus::cached::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         bolts::rands::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         stages::pybind::register(py, m)?;
-    stages::owned::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         stages::mutational::pybind::register(py, m)?;
         Ok(())
     }
+}

libafl/src/monitors/mod.rs

@@ -815,95 +815,136 @@ impl Default for ClientPerfMonitor {
 }
 /// `Monitor` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub mod pybind {
     use crate::monitors::{Monitor, SimpleMonitor};
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
+    use pyo3::types::PyUnicode;
 
     use super::ClientStats;
     use core::time::Duration;
 
+    // TODO create a PyObjectFnMut to pass, track stabilization of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/29625
+
     #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "SimpleMonitor")]
-    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
     /// Python class for SimpleMonitor
     pub struct PythonSimpleMonitor {
         /// Rust wrapped SimpleMonitor object
-        pub simple_monitor: SimpleMonitor<fn(String)>,
+        pub inner: SimpleMonitor<Box<dyn FnMut(String)>>,
+        print_fn: PyObject,
+    }
+
+    impl std::fmt::Debug for PythonSimpleMonitor {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            f.debug_struct("PythonSimpleMonitor")
+                .field("print_fn", &self.print_fn)
+                .finish()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Clone for PythonSimpleMonitor {
+        fn clone(&self) -> PythonSimpleMonitor {
+            let py_print_fn = self.print_fn.clone();
+            let closure = move |s: String| {
+                Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                    py_print_fn.call1(py, (PyUnicode::new(py, &s),))?;
+                    Ok(())
+                })
+                .unwrap();
+            };
+
+            PythonSimpleMonitor {
+                inner: SimpleMonitor {
+                    print_fn: Box::new(closure),
+                    start_time: self.inner.start_time,
+                    client_stats: self.inner.client_stats.clone(),
+                },
+                print_fn: self.print_fn.clone(),
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
     impl PythonSimpleMonitor {
         #[new]
-        fn new(/*py_print_fn: PyObject */) -> Self {
-            // TODO: Find a fix to: closures can only be coerced to `fn` types if they
-            // do not capture any variables and print_fn expected to be fn pointer.
-            // fn printf_fn (s: String){
-            //     Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
-            //         print_fn.call1(py, (PyUnicode::new(py, &s),));
-            //         Ok(())
-            //     });
-            // }
+        fn new(py_print_fn: PyObject) -> Self {
+            let py_print_fn1 = py_print_fn.clone();
+            let closure = move |s: String| {
+                Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                    py_print_fn1.call1(py, (PyUnicode::new(py, &s),))?;
+                    Ok(())
+                })
+                .unwrap();
+            };
             Self {
-                simple_monitor: SimpleMonitor::new(|s| println!("{}", s)),
+                inner: SimpleMonitor::new(Box::new(closure)),
+                print_fn: py_print_fn,
             }
         }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn as_monitor(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonMonitor {
+            PythonMonitor::new_simple(slf)
+        }
     }
 
     #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
     enum PythonMonitorWrapper {
-        Simple(PythonSimpleMonitor),
+        Simple(Py<PythonSimpleMonitor>),
     }
 
     #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Monitor")]
     #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
     /// EventManager Trait binding
     pub struct PythonMonitor {
-        monitor: PythonMonitorWrapper,
+        wrapper: PythonMonitorWrapper,
     }
 
-    impl PythonMonitor {
-        fn get_monitor(&self) -> &impl Monitor {
-            match &self.monitor {
-                PythonMonitorWrapper::Simple(py_simple_monitor) => {
-                    &py_simple_monitor.simple_monitor
-                }
-            }
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonMonitorWrapper, { Simple })
+        };
     }
 
-        fn get_mut_monitor(&mut self) -> &mut impl Monitor {
-            match &mut self.monitor {
-                PythonMonitorWrapper::Simple(py_simple_monitor) => {
-                    &mut py_simple_monitor.simple_monitor
-                }
-            }
-        }
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_mut_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonMonitorWrapper, { Simple })
+        };
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
     impl PythonMonitor {
         #[staticmethod]
-        fn new_from_simple(simple_monitor: PythonSimpleMonitor) -> Self {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_simple(simple_monitor: Py<PythonSimpleMonitor>) -> Self {
             Self {
-                monitor: PythonMonitorWrapper::Simple(simple_monitor),
+                wrapper: PythonMonitorWrapper::Simple(simple_monitor),
             }
         }
     }
 
     impl Monitor for PythonMonitor {
         fn client_stats_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<ClientStats> {
-            self.get_mut_monitor().client_stats_mut()
+            let ptr = unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, m, {
+                m.client_stats_mut() as *mut Vec<ClientStats>
+            });
+            unsafe { ptr.as_mut().unwrap() }
         }
 
         fn client_stats(&self) -> &[ClientStats] {
-            self.get_monitor().client_stats()
+            let ptr = unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, m, {
+                m.client_stats() as *const [ClientStats]
+            });
+            unsafe { ptr.as_ref().unwrap() }
         }
 
         /// Time this fuzzing run stated
         fn start_time(&mut self) -> Duration {
-            self.get_mut_monitor().start_time()
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, m, { m.start_time() })
         }
 
         fn display(&mut self, event_msg: String, sender_id: u32) {
-            self.get_mut_monitor().display(event_msg, sender_id);
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, m, { m.display(event_msg, sender_id) });
         }
     }
     /// Register the classes to the python module

libafl/src/mutators/mod.rs

@@ -207,3 +207,150 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// `Mutator` Python bindings
+#[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub mod pybind {
+    use super::{MutationResult, Mutator};
+    use crate::inputs::{BytesInput, HasBytesVec};
+    use crate::mutators::scheduled::pybind::PythonStdHavocMutator;
+    use crate::state::pybind::{PythonStdState, PythonStdStateWrapper};
+    use crate::Error;
+    use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    pub struct PyObjectMutator {
+        inner: PyObject,
+    }
+
+    impl PyObjectMutator {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            PyObjectMutator { inner: obj }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Mutator<BytesInput, PythonStdState> for PyObjectMutator {
+        fn mutate(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &mut BytesInput,
+            stage_idx: i32,
+        ) -> Result<MutationResult, Error> {
+            let mutated = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<bool> {
+                self.inner
+                    .call_method1(
+                        py,
+                        "mutate",
+                        (PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state), input.bytes(), stage_idx),
+                    )?
+                    .extract(py)
+            })?;
+            Ok(if mutated {
+                MutationResult::Mutated
+            } else {
+                MutationResult::Skipped
+            })
+        }
+
+        fn post_exec(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            stage_idx: i32,
+            corpus_idx: Option<usize>,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner.call_method1(
+                    py,
+                    "post_exec",
+                    (PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state), stage_idx, corpus_idx),
+                )?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    pub enum PythonMutatorWrapper {
+        StdHavoc(Py<PythonStdHavocMutator>),
+        Python(PyObjectMutator),
+    }
+
+    /// Mutator Trait binding
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Mutator")]
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    pub struct PythonMutator {
+        pub wrapper: PythonMutatorWrapper,
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_mut_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonMutatorWrapper, {
+                StdHavoc
+            },
+            {
+                Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                    let $name = py_wrapper;
+                    $body
+                }
+            })
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonMutator {
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_std_havoc(mgr: Py<PythonStdHavocMutator>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonMutatorWrapper::StdHavoc(mgr),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_py(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonMutatorWrapper::Python(PyObjectMutator::new(obj)),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn unwrap_py(&self) -> Option<PyObject> {
+            match &self.wrapper {
+                PythonMutatorWrapper::Python(pyo) => Some(pyo.inner.clone()),
+                PythonMutatorWrapper::StdHavoc(_) => None,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Mutator<BytesInput, PythonStdState> for PythonMutator {
+        fn mutate(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &mut BytesInput,
+            stage_idx: i32,
+        ) -> Result<MutationResult, Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, m, { m.mutate(state, input, stage_idx) })
+        }
+
+        fn post_exec(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            stage_idx: i32,
+            corpus_idx: Option<usize>,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, m, {
+                m.post_exec(state, stage_idx, corpus_idx)
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Register the classes to the python module
+    pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+        m.add_class::<PythonMutator>()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

libafl/src/mutators/scheduled.rs

@@ -208,9 +208,8 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-/// Get the mutations that compose the Havoc mutator
-#[must_use]
-pub fn havoc_mutations() -> tuple_list_type!(
+/// Tuple type of the mutations that compose the Havoc mutator
+pub type HavocMutationsType = tuple_list_type!(
     BitFlipMutator,
     ByteFlipMutator,
     ByteIncMutator,
@@ -238,7 +237,11 @@ pub fn havoc_mutations() -> tuple_list_type!(
     BytesSwapMutator,
     CrossoverInsertMutator,
     CrossoverReplaceMutator,
-) {
+);
+
+/// Get the mutations that compose the Havoc mutator
+#[must_use]
+pub fn havoc_mutations() -> HavocMutationsType {
     tuple_list!(
         BitFlipMutator::new(),
         ByteFlipMutator::new(),
@@ -497,3 +500,42 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// `SchedulerMutator` Python bindings
+#[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub mod pybind {
+    use super::{havoc_mutations, Debug, HavocMutationsType, StdScheduledMutator};
+    use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
+    use crate::mutators::pybind::PythonMutator;
+    use crate::state::pybind::PythonStdState;
+    use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "StdHavocMutator")]
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    /// Python class for StdHavocMutator
+    pub struct PythonStdHavocMutator {
+        /// Rust wrapped StdHavocMutator object
+        pub inner: StdScheduledMutator<BytesInput, HavocMutationsType, PythonStdState>,
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonStdHavocMutator {
+        #[new]
+        fn new() -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: StdScheduledMutator::new(havoc_mutations()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn as_mutator(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonMutator {
+            PythonMutator::new_std_havoc(slf)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Register the classes to the python module
+    pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdHavocMutator>()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

libafl/src/observers/map.rs

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ where
 /// The Map Observer retrieves the state of a map,
 /// that will get updated by the target.
 /// A well-known example is the AFL-Style coverage map.
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 #[serde(bound = "T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned")]
 #[allow(clippy::unsafe_derive_deserialize)]
 pub struct StdMapObserver<'a, T>
@@ -384,20 +384,26 @@ where
 {
     /// Creates a new [`MapObserver`]
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(name: &'static str, map: &'a mut [T]) -> Self {
+    pub fn new<S>(name: S, map: &'a mut [T]) -> Self
+    where
+        S: Into<String>,
+    {
         Self {
             map: OwnedSliceMut::from(map),
-            name: name.to_string(),
+            name: name.into(),
             initial: T::default(),
         }
     }
 
     /// Creates a new [`MapObserver`] with an owned map
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn new_owned(name: &'static str, map: Vec<T>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_owned<S>(name: S, map: Vec<T>) -> Self
+    where
+        S: Into<String>,
+    {
         Self {
             map: OwnedSliceMut::from(map),
-            name: name.to_string(),
+            name: name.into(),
             initial: T::default(),
         }
     }
@@ -407,10 +413,13 @@ where
     /// # Safety
     /// Will dereference the owned slice with up to len elements.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn new_from_ownedref(name: &'static str, map: OwnedSliceMut<'a, T>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_from_ownedref<S>(name: S, map: OwnedSliceMut<'a, T>) -> Self
+    where
+        S: Into<String>,
+    {
         Self {
             map,
-            name: name.to_string(),
+            name: name.into(),
             initial: T::default(),
         }
     }
@@ -419,10 +428,13 @@ where
     ///
     /// # Safety
     /// Will dereference the `map_ptr` with up to len elements.
-    pub unsafe fn new_from_ptr(name: &'static str, map_ptr: *mut T, len: usize) -> Self {
+    pub unsafe fn new_from_ptr<S>(name: S, map_ptr: *mut T, len: usize) -> Self
+    where
+        S: Into<String>,
+    {
         StdMapObserver {
             map: OwnedSliceMut::from_raw_parts_mut(map_ptr, len),
-            name: name.to_string(),
+            name: name.into(),
             initial: T::default(),
         }
     }
@@ -1490,26 +1502,128 @@ where
 
 /// `MapObserver` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::bolts::{tuples::Named, AsMutIterator, AsRefIterator, HasLen};
-    use crate::observers::{map::OwnedMapObserver, MapObserver, Observer};
-    use crate::Error;
+    use super::{
+        AsMutIterator, AsRefIterator, Debug, Error, HasLen, Iter, IterMut, MapObserver, Named,
+        Observer, OwnedMapObserver, StdMapObserver, String, Vec,
+    };
+    use crate::observers::pybind::PythonObserver;
+    use concat_idents::concat_idents;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
     use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-    use std::slice::{Iter, IterMut};
+
+    #[macro_export]
+    macro_rules! mapob_unwrap_me {
+        ($wrapper_name:ident, $wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            match &$wrapper {
+                $wrapper_name::Std(py_wrapper) => Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                    let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                    let $name = &borrowed.inner;
+                    Ok($body)
+                })
+                .unwrap(),
+                $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                    let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                    let $name = &borrowed.inner;
+                    Ok($body)
+                })
+                .unwrap(),
+                $wrapper_name::None => panic!("Serde is not supported ATM"),
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[macro_export]
+    macro_rules! mapob_unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper_name:ident, $wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            match &mut $wrapper {
+                $wrapper_name::Std(py_wrapper) => Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                    let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                    let $name = &mut borrowed.inner;
+                    Ok($body)
+                })
+                .unwrap(),
+                $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                    let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                    let $name = &mut borrowed.inner;
+                    Ok($body)
+                })
+                .unwrap(),
+                $wrapper_name::None => panic!("Serde is not supported ATM"),
+            }
+        };
+    }
 
     macro_rules! define_python_map_observer {
-        ($struct_name:ident, $py_name:tt, $struct_name_trait:ident, $py_name_trait:tt, $datatype:ty, $wrapper_name: ident) => {
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name)]
+        ($struct_name1:ident, $py_name1:tt, $struct_name2:ident, $py_name2:tt, $struct_name_trait:ident, $py_name_trait:tt, $datatype:ty, $wrapper_name: ident) => {
+            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name1)]
+            #[allow(clippy::unsafe_derive_deserialize)]
+            #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
+            /// Python class for StdMapObserver
+            pub struct $struct_name1 {
+                /// Rust wrapped StdMapObserver object
+                pub inner: StdMapObserver<'static, $datatype>,
+            }
+
+            #[pymethods]
+            impl $struct_name1 {
+                #[new]
+                fn new(name: String, ptr: usize, size: usize) -> Self {
+                    Self {
+                        inner: unsafe { StdMapObserver::new_from_ptr(name, ptr as *mut $datatype, size) }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                #[must_use]
+                pub fn as_map_observer(slf: Py<Self>) -> $struct_name_trait {
+                    $struct_name_trait::new_std(slf)
+                }
+
+                #[must_use]
+                pub fn as_observer(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonObserver {
+                    let m = Self::as_map_observer(slf);
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<PythonObserver> {
+                        let p: Py<_> = Py::new(py, m)?;
+                        Ok($struct_name_trait::as_observer(p))
+                    }).unwrap()
+                }
+
+                fn __getitem__(&self, idx: usize) -> $datatype {
+                    *self.inner.get(idx)
+                }
+
+                fn __setitem__(&mut self, idx: usize, val: $datatype) {
+                    *self.inner.get_mut(idx) = val;
+                }
+
+                #[pyo3(name = "usable_count")]
+                fn pyusable_count(&self) -> usize {
+                    self.inner.usable_count()
+                }
+
+                #[pyo3(name = "len")]
+                fn pylen(&self) -> usize {
+                    self.inner.len()
+                }
+
+                #[pyo3(name = "name")]
+                fn pyname(&self) -> &str {
+                    self.inner.name()
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name2)]
             #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
             /// Python class for OwnedMapObserver (i.e. StdMapObserver with owned map)
-            pub struct $struct_name {
+            pub struct $struct_name2 {
                 /// Rust wrapped OwnedMapObserver object
                 pub inner: OwnedMapObserver<$datatype>,
             }
 
             #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name {
+            impl $struct_name2 {
                 #[new]
                 fn new(name: String, map: Vec<$datatype>) -> Self {
                     Self {
@@ -1517,11 +1631,56 @@ pub mod pybind {
                         inner: OwnedMapObserver::new(Box::leak(name.into_boxed_str()), map),
                     }
                 }
+
+                #[must_use]
+                pub fn as_map_observer(slf: Py<Self>) -> $struct_name_trait {
+                    $struct_name_trait::new_owned(slf)
                 }
 
-            #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
-            enum $wrapper_name {
-                Owned($struct_name),
+                #[must_use]
+                pub fn as_observer(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonObserver {
+                    let m = Self::as_map_observer(slf);
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<PythonObserver> {
+                        let p: Py<_> = Py::new(py, m)?;
+                        Ok($struct_name_trait::as_observer(p))
+                    }).unwrap()
+                }
+
+                fn __getitem__(&self, idx: usize) -> $datatype {
+                    *self.inner.get(idx)
+                }
+
+                fn __setitem__(&mut self, idx: usize, val: $datatype) {
+                    *self.inner.get_mut(idx) = val;
+                }
+
+                #[pyo3(name = "usable_count")]
+                fn pyusable_count(&self) -> usize {
+                    self.inner.usable_count()
+                }
+
+                #[pyo3(name = "len")]
+                fn pylen(&self) -> usize {
+                    self.inner.len()
+                }
+
+                #[pyo3(name = "name")]
+                fn pyname(&self) -> &str {
+                    self.inner.name()
+                }
+            }
+
+            #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+            pub enum $wrapper_name {
+                Std(Py<$struct_name1>),
+                Owned(Py<$struct_name2>),
+                None
+            }
+
+            impl Default for $wrapper_name {
+                fn default() -> Self {
+                    $wrapper_name::None
+                }
             }
 
             // Should not be exposed to user
@@ -1529,51 +1688,55 @@ pub mod pybind {
             #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
             /// MapObserver + Observer Trait binding
             pub struct $struct_name_trait {
+                #[serde(skip)]
                 pub wrapper: $wrapper_name,
             }
 
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
-                fn unwrap(&self) -> &impl MapObserver<Entry = $datatype> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match &self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &py_wrapper.inner,
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn unwrap_mut(&mut self) -> &mut impl MapObserver<Entry = $datatype> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match &mut self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &mut py_wrapper.inner,
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn upcast<S>(&self) -> &impl Observer<BytesInput, S> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match &self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &py_wrapper.inner,
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                fn upcast_mut<S>(&mut self) -> &mut impl Observer<BytesInput, S> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match &mut self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &mut py_wrapper.inner,
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
             #[pymethods]
             impl $struct_name_trait {
                 #[staticmethod]
-                fn new_from_owned(owned_map: $struct_name) -> Self {
+                fn new_std(std_map: Py<$struct_name1>) -> Self {
+                    Self {
+                        wrapper: $wrapper_name::Std(std_map),
+                    }
+                }
+
+                #[staticmethod]
+                fn new_owned(owned_map: Py<$struct_name2>) -> Self {
                     Self {
                         wrapper: $wrapper_name::Owned(owned_map),
                     }
                 }
+
+                #[must_use]
+                pub fn as_observer(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonObserver {
+                    concat_idents!(func = new_map_,$datatype {
+                           PythonObserver::func(slf)
+                    })
+                }
+
+                fn __getitem__(&self, idx: usize) -> $datatype {
+                    *self.get(idx)
+                }
+
+                fn __setitem__(&mut self, idx: usize, val: $datatype) {
+                    *self.get_mut(idx) = val;
+                }
+
+                #[pyo3(name = "usable_count")]
+                fn pyusable_count(&self) -> usize {
+                    self.usable_count()
+                }
+
+                #[pyo3(name = "len")]
+                fn pylen(&self) -> usize {
+                    self.len()
+                }
+
+                #[pyo3(name = "name")]
+                fn pyname(&self) -> &str {
+                    self.name()
+                }
             }
 
             impl<'it> AsRefIterator<'it> for $struct_name_trait {
@@ -1581,9 +1744,7 @@ pub mod pybind {
                 type IntoIter = Iter<'it, $datatype>;
 
                 fn as_ref_iter(&'it self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.as_ref_iter(),
-                    }
+                    mapob_unwrap_me!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<_, Self::IntoIter>(m.as_ref_iter()) } })
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1592,9 +1753,7 @@ pub mod pybind {
                 type IntoIter = IterMut<'it, $datatype>;
 
                 fn as_mut_iter(&'it mut self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.as_mut_iter(),
-                    }
+                    mapob_unwrap_me_mut!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<_, Self::IntoIter>(m.as_mut_iter()) } })
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1603,76 +1762,58 @@ pub mod pybind {
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn get(&self, idx: usize) -> &$datatype {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => &py_wrapper.inner.get(idx),
-                    }
+                    let ptr = mapob_unwrap_me!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.get(idx) as *const $datatype });
+                    unsafe { ptr.as_ref().unwrap() }
                 }
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn get_mut(&mut self, idx: usize) -> &mut $datatype {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.get_mut(idx),
-                    }
+                    let ptr = mapob_unwrap_me_mut!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.get_mut(idx) as *mut $datatype });
+                    unsafe { ptr.as_mut().unwrap() }
                 }
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn usable_count(&self) -> usize {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.wrapper.usable_count(),
-                    }
+                    mapob_unwrap_me!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.usable_count() })
                 }
 
                 fn hash(&self) -> u64 {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.hash(),
-                    }
+                    mapob_unwrap_me!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.hash() })
                 }
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn initial(&self) -> $datatype {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.initial(),
-                    }
+                    mapob_unwrap_me!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.initial() })
                 }
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut $datatype {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.initial_mut(),
-                    }
+                    let ptr = mapob_unwrap_me_mut!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.initial_mut() as *mut $datatype });
+                    unsafe { ptr.as_mut().unwrap() }
                 }
 
                 #[inline]
                 fn set_initial(&mut self, initial: $datatype) {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => {
-                            py_wrapper.inner.set_initial(initial);
-                        }
-                    }
+                    mapob_unwrap_me_mut!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.set_initial(initial) });
                 }
 
                 fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<$datatype> {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.to_vec(),
-                    }
+                    mapob_unwrap_me!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.to_vec() })
                 }
             }
 
             impl Named for $struct_name_trait {
                 #[inline]
                 fn name(&self) -> &str {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.name(),
-                    }
+                    let ptr = mapob_unwrap_me!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.name() as *const str });
+                    unsafe { ptr.as_ref().unwrap() }
                 }
             }
 
             impl HasLen for $struct_name_trait {
                 #[inline]
                 fn len(&self) -> usize {
-                    match &self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => py_wrapper.inner.len(),
-                    }
+                    mapob_unwrap_me!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.len() })
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1681,18 +1822,16 @@ pub mod pybind {
                 Self: MapObserver,
             {
                 #[inline]
-                fn pre_exec(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &I) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    match &mut self.wrapper {
-                        $wrapper_name::Owned(py_wrapper) => {
-                            py_wrapper.inner.pre_exec(_state, _input)
-                        }
-                    }
+                fn pre_exec(&mut self, state: &mut S, input: &I) -> Result<(), Error> {
+                    mapob_unwrap_me_mut!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.pre_exec(state, input) })
                 }
             }
         };
     }
 
     define_python_map_observer!(
+        PythonStdMapObserverI8,
+        "StdMapObserverI8",
         PythonOwnedMapObserverI8,
         "OwnedMapObserverI8",
         PythonMapObserverI8,
@@ -1701,6 +1840,8 @@ pub mod pybind {
         PythonMapObserverWrapperI8
     );
     define_python_map_observer!(
+        PythonStdMapObserverI16,
+        "StdMapObserverI16",
         PythonOwnedMapObserverI16,
         "OwnedMapObserverI16",
         PythonMapObserverI16,
@@ -1709,6 +1850,8 @@ pub mod pybind {
         PythonMapObserverWrapperI16
     );
     define_python_map_observer!(
+        PythonStdMapObserverI32,
+        "StdMapObserverI32",
         PythonOwnedMapObserverI32,
         "OwnedMapObserverI32",
         PythonMapObserverI32,
@@ -1717,6 +1860,8 @@ pub mod pybind {
         PythonMapObserverWrapperI32
     );
     define_python_map_observer!(
+        PythonStdMapObserverI64,
+        "StdMapObserverI64",
         PythonOwnedMapObserverI64,
         "OwnedMapObserverI64",
         PythonMapObserverI64,
@@ -1726,6 +1871,8 @@ pub mod pybind {
     );
 
     define_python_map_observer!(
+        PythonStdMapObserverU8,
+        "StdMapObserverU8",
         PythonOwnedMapObserverU8,
         "OwnedMapObserverU8",
         PythonMapObserverU8,
@@ -1734,6 +1881,8 @@ pub mod pybind {
         PythonMapObserverWrapperU8
     );
     define_python_map_observer!(
+        PythonStdMapObserverU16,
+        "StdMapObserverU16",
         PythonOwnedMapObserverU16,
         "OwnedMapObserverU16",
         PythonMapObserverU16,
@@ -1742,6 +1891,8 @@ pub mod pybind {
         PythonMapObserverWrapperU16
     );
     define_python_map_observer!(
+        PythonStdMapObserverU32,
+        "StdMapObserverU32",
         PythonOwnedMapObserverU32,
         "OwnedMapObserverU32",
         PythonMapObserverU32,
@@ -1750,6 +1901,8 @@ pub mod pybind {
         PythonMapObserverWrapperU32
     );
     define_python_map_observer!(
+        PythonStdMapObserverU64,
+        "StdMapObserverU64",
         PythonOwnedMapObserverU64,
         "OwnedMapObserverU64",
         PythonMapObserverU64,
@@ -1760,21 +1913,29 @@ pub mod pybind {
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdMapObserverI8>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverI8>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverI8>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdMapObserverI16>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverI16>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverI16>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdMapObserverI32>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverI32>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverI32>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdMapObserverI64>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverI64>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverI64>()?;
 
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdMapObserverU8>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverU8>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverU8>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdMapObserverU16>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverU16>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverU16>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdMapObserverU32>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverU32>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverU32>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdMapObserverU64>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonOwnedMapObserverU64>()?;
         m.add_class::<PythonMapObserverU64>()?;
         Ok(())

libafl/src/observers/mod.rs

@@ -292,119 +292,769 @@ where
 
 /// `Observer` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::bolts::tuples::Named;
+    use super::{Debug, Observer, ObserversTuple, String, Vec};
+    use crate::bolts::tuples::{type_eq, MatchName, Named};
+    use crate::executors::pybind::PythonExitKind;
     use crate::executors::ExitKind;
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
-    use crate::observers::Observer;
+    use crate::inputs::HasBytesVec;
+    use crate::observers::map::pybind::{
+        PythonMapObserverI16, PythonMapObserverI32, PythonMapObserverI64, PythonMapObserverI8,
+        PythonMapObserverU16, PythonMapObserverU32, PythonMapObserverU64, PythonMapObserverU8,
+        PythonMapObserverWrapperI16, PythonMapObserverWrapperI32, PythonMapObserverWrapperI64,
+        PythonMapObserverWrapperI8, PythonMapObserverWrapperU16, PythonMapObserverWrapperU32,
+        PythonMapObserverWrapperU64, PythonMapObserverWrapperU8,
+    };
+    use crate::state::pybind::{PythonStdState, PythonStdStateWrapper};
     use crate::Error;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
-
-    macro_rules! define_python_observer {
-        ($struct_name_trait:ident, $py_name_trait:tt, $wrapper_name: ident, $my_std_state_type_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::observers::map::pybind::PythonMapObserverI8;
-            use crate::state::pybind::$my_std_state_type_name;
+    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+    use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
-            enum $wrapper_name {
-                MapI8(*mut PythonMapObserverI8),
+    pub struct PyObjectObserver {
+        inner: PyObject,
+        name: UnsafeCell<String>,
     }
 
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name_trait)]
-            #[derive(Debug)]
-            /// Observer Trait binding
-            pub struct $struct_name_trait {
-                pub wrapper: $wrapper_name,
-            }
-
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
-                fn unwrap(&self) -> &impl Observer<BytesInput, $my_std_state_type_name> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::MapI8(py_wrapper) => &(*py_wrapper).upcast(),
+    impl Clone for PyObjectObserver {
+        fn clone(&self) -> PyObjectObserver {
+            PyObjectObserver {
+                inner: self.inner.clone(),
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
             }
         }
     }
 
-                fn unwrap_mut(
-                    &mut self,
-                ) -> &mut impl Observer<BytesInput, $my_std_state_type_name> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match self.wrapper {
-                            $wrapper_name::MapI8(py_wrapper) => &mut (*py_wrapper).upcast_mut(),
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
-                #[staticmethod]
-                fn new_map(map_observer: &mut PythonMapObserverI8) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        observer: $wrapper_name::MapI8(map_observer),
+    impl PyObjectObserver {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            PyObjectObserver {
+                inner: obj,
+                name: UnsafeCell::new(String::new()),
             }
         }
     }
 
-            impl Named for $struct_name_trait {
+    crate::impl_serde_pyobjectwrapper!(PyObjectObserver, inner);
+
+    impl Named for PyObjectObserver {
         fn name(&self) -> &str {
-                    self.unwrap().name()
+            let s = Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<String> {
+                let s: String = self.inner.call_method0(py, "name")?.extract(py)?;
+                Ok(s)
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+            unsafe {
+                *self.name.get() = s;
+                &*self.name.get()
+            }
         }
     }
 
-            impl Observer<BytesInput, $my_std_state_type_name> for $struct_name_trait {
+    impl Observer<BytesInput, PythonStdState> for PyObjectObserver {
         fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().flush()
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner.call_method0(py, "flush")?;
+                Ok(())
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+            Ok(())
         }
 
         fn pre_exec(
             &mut self,
-                    state: &mut $my_std_state_type_name,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
             input: &BytesInput,
         ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().pre_exec(state, input)
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner.call_method1(
+                    py,
+                    "pre_exec",
+                    (PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state), input.bytes()),
+                )?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
         }
 
         fn post_exec(
             &mut self,
-                    state: &mut $my_std_state_type_name,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
             input: &BytesInput,
             exit_kind: &ExitKind,
         ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().post_exec(state, input, exit_kind)
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner.call_method1(
+                    py,
+                    "post_exec",
+                    (
+                        PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state),
+                        input.bytes(),
+                        PythonExitKind::from(*exit_kind),
+                    ),
+                )?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
         }
 
         fn pre_exec_child(
             &mut self,
-                    state: &mut $my_std_state_type_name,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
             input: &BytesInput,
         ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().pre_exec(state, input)
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner.call_method1(
+                    py,
+                    "pre_exec_child",
+                    (PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state), input.bytes()),
+                )?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
         }
 
         fn post_exec_child(
             &mut self,
-                    state: &mut $my_std_state_type_name,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
             input: &BytesInput,
             exit_kind: &ExitKind,
         ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    self.unwrap_mut().post_exec_child(state, input, exit_kind)
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner.call_method1(
+                    py,
+                    "post_exec_child",
+                    (
+                        PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state),
+                        input.bytes(),
+                        PythonExitKind::from(*exit_kind),
+                    ),
+                )?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+    pub enum PythonObserverWrapper {
+        MapI8(Py<PythonMapObserverI8>),
+        MapI16(Py<PythonMapObserverI16>),
+        MapI32(Py<PythonMapObserverI32>),
+        MapI64(Py<PythonMapObserverI64>),
+        MapU8(Py<PythonMapObserverU8>),
+        MapU16(Py<PythonMapObserverU16>),
+        MapU32(Py<PythonMapObserverU32>),
+        MapU64(Py<PythonMapObserverU64>),
+        Python(PyObjectObserver),
+    }
+
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Observer")]
+    #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+    /// Observer Trait binding
+    pub struct PythonObserver {
+        pub wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper,
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            match &$wrapper {
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapI8(py_wrapper) => Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                    let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                    Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me!(
+                        PythonMapObserverWrapperI8,
+                        borrowed.wrapper,
+                        $name,
+                        $body
+                    ))
+                })
+                .unwrap(),
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapI16(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperI16,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapI32(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperI32,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapI64(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperI64,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapU8(py_wrapper) => Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                    let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                    Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me!(
+                        PythonMapObserverWrapperU8,
+                        borrowed.wrapper,
+                        $name,
+                        $body
+                    ))
+                })
+                .unwrap(),
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapU16(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperU16,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapU32(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperU32,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapU64(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperU64,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                    let $name = py_wrapper;
+                    $body
                 }
             }
         };
     }
 
-    define_python_observer!(
-        PythonObserver,
-        "Observer",
-        PythonObserverWrapper,
-        PythonStdState,
-    );
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            match &mut $wrapper {
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapI8(py_wrapper) => Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                    let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                    Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me_mut!(
+                        PythonMapObserverWrapperI8,
+                        borrowed.wrapper,
+                        $name,
+                        $body
+                    ))
+                })
+                .unwrap(),
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapI16(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me_mut!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperI16,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapI32(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me_mut!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperI32,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapI64(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me_mut!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperI64,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapU8(py_wrapper) => Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                    let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                    Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me_mut!(
+                        PythonMapObserverWrapperU8,
+                        borrowed.wrapper,
+                        $name,
+                        $body
+                    ))
+                })
+                .unwrap(),
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapU16(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me_mut!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperU16,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapU32(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me_mut!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperU32,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::MapU64(py_wrapper) => {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        let mut borrowed = py_wrapper.borrow_mut(py);
+                        Ok(crate::mapob_unwrap_me_mut!(
+                            PythonMapObserverWrapperU64,
+                            borrowed.wrapper,
+                            $name,
+                            $body
+                        ))
+                    })
+                    .unwrap()
+                }
+                PythonObserverWrapper::Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                    let $name = py_wrapper;
+                    $body
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonObserver {
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_map_i8(map_observer: Py<PythonMapObserverI8>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper::MapI8(map_observer),
+            }
+        }
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_map_i16(map_observer: Py<PythonMapObserverI16>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper::MapI16(map_observer),
+            }
+        }
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_map_i32(map_observer: Py<PythonMapObserverI32>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper::MapI32(map_observer),
+            }
+        }
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_map_i64(map_observer: Py<PythonMapObserverI64>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper::MapI64(map_observer),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_map_u8(map_observer: Py<PythonMapObserverU8>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper::MapU8(map_observer),
+            }
+        }
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_map_u16(map_observer: Py<PythonMapObserverU16>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper::MapU16(map_observer),
+            }
+        }
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_map_u32(map_observer: Py<PythonMapObserverU32>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper::MapU32(map_observer),
+            }
+        }
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_map_u64(map_observer: Py<PythonMapObserverU64>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper::MapU64(map_observer),
+            }
+        }
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_py(py_observer: PyObject) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonObserverWrapper::Python(PyObjectObserver::new(py_observer)),
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub fn unwrap_py(&self) -> Option<PyObject> {
+            match &self.wrapper {
+                PythonObserverWrapper::Python(pyo) => Some(pyo.inner.clone()),
+                _ => None,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Named for PythonObserver {
+        fn name(&self) -> &str {
+            let ptr = unwrap_me!(self.wrapper, o, { o.name() as *const str });
+            unsafe { ptr.as_ref().unwrap() }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Observer<BytesInput, PythonStdState> for PythonObserver {
+        fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, o, {
+                Observer::<BytesInput, PythonStdState>::flush(o)
+            })
+        }
+
+        fn pre_exec(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, o, { o.pre_exec(state, input) })
+        }
+
+        fn post_exec(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+            exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, o, { o.post_exec(state, input, exit_kind) })
+        }
+
+        fn pre_exec_child(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, o, { o.pre_exec_child(state, input) })
+        }
+
+        fn post_exec_child(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+            exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, o, {
+                o.post_exec_child(state, input, exit_kind)
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "ObserversTuple")]
+    pub struct PythonObserversTuple {
+        list: Vec<PythonObserver>,
+    }
+
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonObserversTuple {
+        #[new]
+        fn new(list: Vec<PythonObserver>) -> Self {
+            Self { list }
+        }
+
+        fn len(&self) -> usize {
+            self.list.len()
+        }
+
+        fn __getitem__(&self, idx: usize) -> PythonObserver {
+            self.list[idx].clone()
+        }
+
+        #[pyo3(name = "match_name")]
+        fn pymatch_name(&self, name: &str) -> Option<PythonObserver> {
+            for ob in &self.list {
+                if ob.name() == name {
+                    return Some(ob.clone());
+                }
+            }
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl ObserversTuple<BytesInput, PythonStdState> for PythonObserversTuple {
+        fn pre_exec_all(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            for ob in &mut self.list {
+                ob.pre_exec(state, input)?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        fn post_exec_all(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+            exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            for ob in &mut self.list {
+                ob.post_exec(state, input, exit_kind)?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        fn pre_exec_child_all(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            for ob in &mut self.list {
+                ob.pre_exec_child(state, input)?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        fn post_exec_child_all(
+            &mut self,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            input: &BytesInput,
+            exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            for ob in &mut self.list {
+                ob.post_exec_child(state, input, exit_kind)?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl MatchName for PythonObserversTuple {
+        fn match_name<T>(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&T> {
+            unsafe {
+                let mut r = None;
+                for ob in &self.list {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        match &ob.wrapper {
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapI8(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverI8, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow(py)) as *const T)
+                                        .as_ref();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapI16(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverI16, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow(py)) as *const T)
+                                        .as_ref();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapI32(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverI32, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow(py)) as *const T)
+                                        .as_ref();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapI64(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverI64, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow(py)) as *const T)
+                                        .as_ref();
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapU8(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverU8, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow(py)) as *const T)
+                                        .as_ref();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapU16(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverU16, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow(py)) as *const T)
+                                        .as_ref();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapU32(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverU32, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow(py)) as *const T)
+                                        .as_ref();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapU64(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverU64, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow(py)) as *const T)
+                                        .as_ref();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PyObjectObserver, T>() && py_wrapper.name() == name {
+                                    r = (py_wrapper as *const _ as *const T).as_ref();
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Ok(())
+                    })
+                    .unwrap();
+                }
+                r
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn match_name_mut<T>(&mut self, name: &str) -> Option<&mut T> {
+            unsafe {
+                let mut r = None;
+                for ob in &mut self.list {
+                    Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<_> {
+                        match &mut ob.wrapper {
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapI8(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverI8, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow_mut(py))
+                                        as *mut T)
+                                        .as_mut();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapI16(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverI16, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow_mut(py))
+                                        as *mut T)
+                                        .as_mut();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapI32(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverI32, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow_mut(py))
+                                        as *mut T)
+                                        .as_mut();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapI64(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverI64, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow_mut(py))
+                                        as *mut T)
+                                        .as_mut();
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapU8(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverU8, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow_mut(py))
+                                        as *mut T)
+                                        .as_mut();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapU16(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverU16, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow_mut(py))
+                                        as *mut T)
+                                        .as_mut();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapU32(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverU32, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow_mut(py))
+                                        as *mut T)
+                                        .as_mut();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::MapU64(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PythonMapObserverU64, T>()
+                                    && py_wrapper.borrow(py).name() == name
+                                {
+                                    r = (std::ptr::addr_of!(*(*py_wrapper).borrow_mut(py))
+                                        as *mut T)
+                                        .as_mut();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            PythonObserverWrapper::Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                                if type_eq::<PyObjectObserver, T>() && py_wrapper.name() == name {
+                                    r = (py_wrapper as *mut _ as *mut T).as_mut();
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Ok(())
+                    })
+                    .unwrap();
+                }
+                r
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
         m.add_class::<PythonObserver>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonObserversTuple>()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }

libafl/src/stages/mod.rs

@@ -259,187 +259,174 @@ where
 
 /// `Stage` Python bindings
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::impl_asany;
-    use crate::stages::Stage;
+    use crate::events::pybind::PythonEventManager;
+    use crate::executors::pybind::PythonExecutor;
+    use crate::fuzzer::pybind::{PythonStdFuzzer, PythonStdFuzzerWrapper};
+    use crate::stages::mutational::pybind::PythonStdMutationalStage;
+    use crate::stages::{Stage, StagesTuple};
+    use crate::state::pybind::{PythonStdState, PythonStdStateWrapper};
     use crate::Error;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
 
-    use super::owned::AnyStage;
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    pub struct PyObjectStage {
+        inner: PyObject,
+    }
 
-    macro_rules! define_python_stage {
-        ($struct_name_trait:ident, $py_name_trait:tt, $wrapper_name: ident, $std_havoc_mutations_stage_name: ident, $my_std_state_type_name: ident,
-            $my_std_fuzzer_type_name: ident, $executor_name: ident, $event_manager_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::events::pybind::$event_manager_name;
-            use crate::executors::pybind::$executor_name;
-            use crate::fuzzer::pybind::$my_std_fuzzer_type_name;
-            use crate::stages::mutational::pybind::$std_havoc_mutations_stage_name;
-            use crate::state::pybind::$my_std_state_type_name;
+    impl PyObjectStage {
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            PyObjectStage { inner: obj }
+        }
+    }
 
-            #[derive(Debug)]
-            enum $wrapper_name {
-                StdHavocMutations(*mut $std_havoc_mutations_stage_name),
+    impl Stage<PythonExecutor, PythonEventManager, PythonStdState, PythonStdFuzzer> for PyObjectStage {
+        #[inline]
+        fn perform(
+            &mut self,
+            fuzzer: &mut PythonStdFuzzer,
+            executor: &mut PythonExecutor,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            manager: &mut PythonEventManager,
+            corpus_idx: usize,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            Python::with_gil(|py| -> PyResult<()> {
+                self.inner.call_method1(
+                    py,
+                    "perform",
+                    (
+                        PythonStdFuzzerWrapper::wrap(fuzzer),
+                        executor.clone(),
+                        PythonStdStateWrapper::wrap(state),
+                        manager.clone(),
+                        corpus_idx,
+                    ),
+                )?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    pub enum PythonStageWrapper {
+        StdMutational(Py<PythonStdMutationalStage>),
+        Python(PyObjectStage),
     }
 
     /// Stage Trait binding
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name_trait)]
-            #[derive(Debug)]
-            pub struct $struct_name_trait {
-                stage: $wrapper_name,
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "Stage")]
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    pub struct PythonStage {
+        wrapper: PythonStageWrapper,
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! unwrap_me_mut {
+        ($wrapper:expr, $name:ident, $body:block) => {
+            crate::unwrap_me_mut_body!($wrapper, $name, $body, PythonStageWrapper,
+                { StdMutational },
+                {
+                    Python(py_wrapper) => {
+                        let $name = py_wrapper;
+                        $body
+                    }
+                }
+            )
+        };
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name_trait {
+    impl PythonStage {
         #[staticmethod]
-                fn new_from_std_scheduled(
-                    py_std_havoc_mutations_stage: &mut $std_havoc_mutations_stage_name,
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_std_mutational(
+            py_std_havoc_mutations_stage: Py<PythonStdMutationalStage>,
         ) -> Self {
             Self {
-                        stage: $wrapper_name::StdHavocMutations(py_std_havoc_mutations_stage),
+                wrapper: PythonStageWrapper::StdMutational(py_std_havoc_mutations_stage),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[staticmethod]
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn new_py(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                wrapper: PythonStageWrapper::Python(PyObjectStage::new(obj)),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn unwrap_py(&self) -> Option<PyObject> {
+            match &self.wrapper {
+                PythonStageWrapper::Python(pyo) => Some(pyo.inner.clone()),
+                PythonStageWrapper::StdMutational(_) => None,
             }
         }
     }
 
-            impl
-                Stage<
-                    $executor_name,
-                    $event_manager_name,
-                    $my_std_state_type_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                > for $struct_name_trait
-            {
+    impl Stage<PythonExecutor, PythonEventManager, PythonStdState, PythonStdFuzzer> for PythonStage {
         #[inline]
         #[allow(clippy::let_and_return)]
         fn perform(
             &mut self,
-                    fuzzer: &mut $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                    executor: &mut $executor_name,
-                    state: &mut $my_std_state_type_name,
-                    manager: &mut $event_manager_name,
+            fuzzer: &mut PythonStdFuzzer,
+            executor: &mut PythonExecutor,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            manager: &mut PythonEventManager,
             corpus_idx: usize,
         ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                    unsafe {
-                        match self.stage {
-                            $wrapper_name::StdHavocMutations(py_std_havoc_mutations_stage) => {
-                                (*py_std_havoc_mutations_stage)
-                                    .std_mutational_stage
-                                    .perform(fuzzer, executor, state, manager, corpus_idx)
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
+            unwrap_me_mut!(self.wrapper, s, {
+                s.perform(fuzzer, executor, state, manager, corpus_idx)
+            })
         }
     }
 
-            impl_asany!($struct_name_trait);
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "StagesTuple")]
+    pub struct PythonStagesTuple {
+        list: Vec<PythonStage>,
+    }
 
-            impl
-                AnyStage<
-                    $executor_name,
-                    $event_manager_name,
-                    $my_std_state_type_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                > for $struct_name_trait
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PythonStagesTuple {
+        #[new]
+        fn new(list: Vec<PythonStage>) -> Self {
+            Self { list }
+        }
+
+        fn len(&self) -> usize {
+            self.list.len()
+        }
+
+        fn __getitem__(&self, idx: usize) -> PythonStage {
+            self.list[idx].clone()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl StagesTuple<PythonExecutor, PythonEventManager, PythonStdState, PythonStdFuzzer>
+        for PythonStagesTuple
     {
+        fn perform_all(
+            &mut self,
+            fuzzer: &mut PythonStdFuzzer,
+            executor: &mut PythonExecutor,
+            state: &mut PythonStdState,
+            manager: &mut PythonEventManager,
+            corpus_idx: usize,
+        ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+            for s in &mut self.list {
+                s.perform(fuzzer, executor, state, manager, corpus_idx)?;
             }
-        };
-    }
-
-    define_python_stage!(
-        PythonStageI8,
-        "StageI8",
-        PythonStageWrapperI8,
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI8,
-        MyStdStateI8,
-        MyStdFuzzerI8,
-        PythonExecutorI8,
-        PythonEventManagerI8
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage!(
-        PythonStageI16,
-        "StageI16",
-        PythonStageWrapperI16,
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI16,
-        MyStdStateI16,
-        MyStdFuzzerI16,
-        PythonExecutorI16,
-        PythonEventManagerI16
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage!(
-        PythonStageI32,
-        "StageI32",
-        PythonStageWrapperI32,
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI32,
-        MyStdStateI32,
-        MyStdFuzzerI32,
-        PythonExecutorI32,
-        PythonEventManagerI32
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage!(
-        PythonStageI64,
-        "StageI64",
-        PythonStageWrapperI64,
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI64,
-        MyStdStateI64,
-        MyStdFuzzerI64,
-        PythonExecutorI64,
-        PythonEventManagerI64
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage!(
-        PythonStageU8,
-        "StageU8",
-        PythonStageWrapperU8,
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU8,
-        MyStdStateU8,
-        MyStdFuzzerU8,
-        PythonExecutorU8,
-        PythonEventManagerU8
-    );
-    define_python_stage!(
-        PythonStageU16,
-        "StageU16",
-        PythonStageWrapperU16,
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU16,
-        MyStdStateU16,
-        MyStdFuzzerU16,
-        PythonExecutorU16,
-        PythonEventManagerU16
-    );
-    define_python_stage!(
-        PythonStageU32,
-        "StageU32",
-        PythonStageWrapperU32,
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU32,
-        MyStdStateU32,
-        MyStdFuzzerU32,
-        PythonExecutorU32,
-        PythonEventManagerU32
-    );
-    define_python_stage!(
-        PythonStageU64,
-        "StageU64",
-        PythonStageWrapperU64,
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU64,
-        MyStdStateU64,
-        MyStdFuzzerU64,
-        PythonExecutorU64,
-        PythonEventManagerU64
-    );
-
-    /// Register the classes to the python module
-    pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-        m.add_class::<PythonStageI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStageI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStageI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStageI64>()?;
-
-        m.add_class::<PythonStageU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStageU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStageU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStageU64>()?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Register the classes to the python module
+    pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+        m.add_class::<PythonStage>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonStagesTuple>()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }

libafl/src/stages/mutational.rs

@@ -163,161 +163,51 @@ where
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 /// `StdMutationalStage` Python bindings
 pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::bolts::tuples::tuple_list_type;
+    use crate::events::pybind::PythonEventManager;
+    use crate::executors::pybind::PythonExecutor;
+    use crate::fuzzer::pybind::PythonStdFuzzer;
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
-    pub use crate::mutators::mutations::*;
-    pub use crate::mutators::mutations::*;
-    use crate::mutators::{havoc_mutations, StdScheduledMutator};
+    use crate::mutators::pybind::PythonMutator;
+    use crate::stages::pybind::PythonStage;
     use crate::stages::StdMutationalStage;
+    use crate::state::pybind::PythonStdState;
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
 
-    type HavocMutationsType = tuple_list_type!(
-        BitFlipMutator,
-        ByteFlipMutator,
-        ByteIncMutator,
-        ByteDecMutator,
-        ByteNegMutator,
-        ByteRandMutator,
-        ByteAddMutator,
-        WordAddMutator,
-        DwordAddMutator,
-        QwordAddMutator,
-        ByteInterestingMutator,
-        WordInterestingMutator,
-        DwordInterestingMutator,
-        BytesDeleteMutator,
-        BytesDeleteMutator,
-        BytesDeleteMutator,
-        BytesDeleteMutator,
-        BytesExpandMutator,
-        BytesInsertMutator,
-        BytesRandInsertMutator,
-        BytesSetMutator,
-        BytesRandSetMutator,
-        BytesCopyMutator,
-        BytesInsertCopyMutator,
-        BytesSwapMutator,
-        CrossoverInsertMutator,
-        CrossoverReplaceMutator,
-    );
-
-    macro_rules! define_python_std_mutational_stage {
-        ($struct_name:ident, $py_name:tt, $my_std_state_type_name: ident, $my_std_fuzzer_type_name: ident, $executor_name: ident, $event_manager_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::events::pybind::$event_manager_name;
-            use crate::executors::pybind::$executor_name;
-            use crate::fuzzer::pybind::$my_std_fuzzer_type_name;
-            use crate::state::pybind::$my_std_state_type_name;
-
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "StdMutationalStage")]
     #[derive(Debug)]
     /// Python class for StdMutationalStage
-            pub struct $struct_name {
+    pub struct PythonStdMutationalStage {
         /// Rust wrapped StdMutationalStage object
-                pub std_mutational_stage: StdMutationalStage<
-                    $executor_name,
-                    $event_manager_name,
+        pub inner: StdMutationalStage<
+            PythonExecutor,
+            PythonEventManager,
             BytesInput,
-                    StdScheduledMutator<BytesInput, HavocMutationsType, $my_std_state_type_name>,
-                    $my_std_state_type_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
+            PythonMutator,
+            PythonStdState,
+            PythonStdFuzzer,
         >,
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name {
-                #[staticmethod]
-                fn new_from_scheduled_havoc_mutations() -> Self {
+    impl PythonStdMutationalStage {
+        #[new]
+        fn new(mutator: PythonMutator) -> Self {
             Self {
-                        std_mutational_stage: StdMutationalStage::new(StdScheduledMutator::new(
-                            havoc_mutations(),
-                        )),
+                inner: StdMutationalStage::new(mutator),
             }
         }
+
+        fn as_stage(slf: Py<Self>) -> PythonStage {
+            PythonStage::new_std_mutational(slf)
         }
-        };
     }
 
-    define_python_std_mutational_stage!(
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI8,
-        "StdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI8",
-        MyStdStateI8,
-        MyStdFuzzerI8,
-        PythonExecutorI8,
-        PythonEventManagerI8
-    );
-
-    define_python_std_mutational_stage!(
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI16,
-        "StdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI16",
-        MyStdStateI16,
-        MyStdFuzzerI16,
-        PythonExecutorI16,
-        PythonEventManagerI16
-    );
-    define_python_std_mutational_stage!(
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI32,
-        "StdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI32",
-        MyStdStateI32,
-        MyStdFuzzerI32,
-        PythonExecutorI32,
-        PythonEventManagerI32
-    );
-    define_python_std_mutational_stage!(
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI64,
-        "StdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI64",
-        MyStdStateI64,
-        MyStdFuzzerI64,
-        PythonExecutorI64,
-        PythonEventManagerI64
-    );
-
-    define_python_std_mutational_stage!(
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU8,
-        "StdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU8",
-        MyStdStateU8,
-        MyStdFuzzerU8,
-        PythonExecutorU8,
-        PythonEventManagerU8
-    );
-
-    define_python_std_mutational_stage!(
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU16,
-        "StdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU16",
-        MyStdStateU16,
-        MyStdFuzzerU16,
-        PythonExecutorU16,
-        PythonEventManagerU16
-    );
-    define_python_std_mutational_stage!(
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU32,
-        "StdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU32",
-        MyStdStateU32,
-        MyStdFuzzerU32,
-        PythonExecutorU32,
-        PythonEventManagerU32
-    );
-    define_python_std_mutational_stage!(
-        PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU64,
-        "StdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU64",
-        MyStdStateU64,
-        MyStdFuzzerU64,
-        PythonExecutorU64,
-        PythonEventManagerU64
-    );
-
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageI64>()?;
-
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStdScheduledHavocMutationsStageU64>()?;
+        m.add_class::<PythonStdMutationalStage>()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }

libafl/src/stages/owned.rs

@@ -42,147 +42,3 @@ impl<E, EM, S, Z> StagesOwnedList<E, EM, S, Z> {
         Self { list }
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(feature = "python")]
-/// `StagesOwnedList` Python bindings
-pub mod pybind {
-    use crate::stages::owned::StagesOwnedList;
-    use pyo3::prelude::*;
-
-    macro_rules! define_python_stage_owned_list {
-        ($struct_name:ident, $py_name:tt, $my_std_state_type_name: ident, $my_std_fuzzer_type_name: ident, $event_manager_name: ident,
-            $executor_name: ident, $stage_name: ident) => {
-            use crate::events::pybind::$event_manager_name;
-            use crate::executors::pybind::$executor_name;
-            use crate::fuzzer::pybind::$my_std_fuzzer_type_name;
-            use crate::stages::pybind::$stage_name;
-            use crate::state::pybind::$my_std_state_type_name;
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name)]
-
-            /// Python class for StagesOwnedList
-            #[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
-            pub struct $struct_name {
-                /// Rust wrapped StagesOwnedList object
-                pub stages_owned_list: StagesOwnedList<
-                    $executor_name,
-                    $event_manager_name,
-                    $my_std_state_type_name,
-                    $my_std_fuzzer_type_name,
-                >,
-            }
-
-            #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name {
-                //TODO: Add new from list
-                #[new]
-                fn new(stage: &$stage_name) -> Self {
-                    // TODO: Be safe
-                    unsafe {
-                        Self {
-                            stages_owned_list: StagesOwnedList {
-                                list: vec![Box::new(std::mem::transmute_copy::<
-                                    $stage_name,
-                                    $stage_name,
-                                >(stage))],
-                            },
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    define_python_stage_owned_list!(
-        PythonStagesOwnedListI8,
-        "StagesOwnedListI8",
-        MyStdStateI8,
-        MyStdFuzzerI8,
-        PythonEventManagerI8,
-        PythonExecutorI8,
-        PythonStageI8
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage_owned_list!(
-        PythonStagesOwnedListI16,
-        "StagesOwnedListI16",
-        MyStdStateI16,
-        MyStdFuzzerI16,
-        PythonEventManagerI16,
-        PythonExecutorI16,
-        PythonStageI16
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage_owned_list!(
-        PythonStagesOwnedListI32,
-        "StagesOwnedListI32",
-        MyStdStateI32,
-        MyStdFuzzerI32,
-        PythonEventManagerI32,
-        PythonExecutorI32,
-        PythonStageI32
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage_owned_list!(
-        PythonStagesOwnedListI64,
-        "StagesOwnedListI64",
-        MyStdStateI64,
-        MyStdFuzzerI64,
-        PythonEventManagerI64,
-        PythonExecutorI64,
-        PythonStageI64
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage_owned_list!(
-        PythonStagesOwnedListU8,
-        "StagesOwnedListU8",
-        MyStdStateU8,
-        MyStdFuzzerU8,
-        PythonEventManagerU8,
-        PythonExecutorU8,
-        PythonStageU8
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage_owned_list!(
-        PythonStagesOwnedListU16,
-        "StagesOwnedListU16",
-        MyStdStateU16,
-        MyStdFuzzerU16,
-        PythonEventManagerU16,
-        PythonExecutorU16,
-        PythonStageU16
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage_owned_list!(
-        PythonStagesOwnedListU32,
-        "StagesOwnedListU32",
-        MyStdStateU32,
-        MyStdFuzzerU32,
-        PythonEventManagerU32,
-        PythonExecutorU32,
-        PythonStageU32
-    );
-
-    define_python_stage_owned_list!(
-        PythonStagesOwnedListU64,
-        "StagesOwnedListU64",
-        MyStdStateU64,
-        MyStdFuzzerU64,
-        PythonEventManagerU64,
-        PythonExecutorU64,
-        PythonStageU64
-    );
-
-    /// Register the classes to the python module
-    pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
-        m.add_class::<PythonStagesOwnedListI8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStagesOwnedListI16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStagesOwnedListI32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStagesOwnedListI64>()?;
-
-        m.add_class::<PythonStagesOwnedListU8>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStagesOwnedListU16>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStagesOwnedListU32>()?;
-        m.add_class::<PythonStagesOwnedListU64>()?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}

libafl/src/state/mod.rs

@@ -652,36 +652,56 @@ where
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "python")]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
 /// `State` Python bindings
 pub mod pybind {
+    use crate::bolts::ownedref::OwnedPtrMut;
     use crate::bolts::rands::pybind::PythonRand;
-    use crate::bolts::tuples::tuple_list;
     use crate::corpus::pybind::PythonCorpus;
+    use crate::events::pybind::PythonEventManager;
+    use crate::executors::pybind::PythonExecutor;
     use crate::feedbacks::pybind::PythonFeedback;
+    use crate::fuzzer::pybind::PythonStdFuzzerWrapper;
+    use crate::generators::pybind::PythonGenerator;
     use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
-    use crate::state::StdState;
+    use crate::pybind::PythonMetadata;
+    use crate::state::{
+        HasCorpus, HasExecutions, HasMaxSize, HasMetadata, HasRand, HasSolutions, StdState,
+    };
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
-
-    macro_rules! define_python_state {
-        ($type_name:ident, $struct_name:ident, $py_name:tt) => {
-            use crate::events::pybind::$event_manager_name;
-            use crate::executors::pybind::$executor_name;
-            use crate::fuzzer::pybind::$fuzzer_name;
-            use crate::generators::pybind::$rand_printable_generator;
+    use pyo3::types::PyDict;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
 
     /// `StdState` with fixed generics
-            pub type $type_name = StdState<PythonCorpus, BytesInput, PythonRand, PythonCorpus>;
+    pub type PythonStdState = StdState<PythonCorpus, BytesInput, PythonRand, PythonCorpus>;
 
-            #[pyclass(unsendable, name = $py_name)]
+    #[pyclass(unsendable, name = "StdState")]
     #[derive(Debug)]
     /// Python class for StdState
-            pub struct $struct_name {
+    pub struct PythonStdStateWrapper {
         /// Rust wrapped StdState object
-                pub std_state: $type_name,
+        pub inner: OwnedPtrMut<PythonStdState>,
+    }
+
+    impl PythonStdStateWrapper {
+        pub fn wrap(r: &mut PythonStdState) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                inner: OwnedPtrMut::Ptr(r),
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn unwrap(&self) -> &PythonStdState {
+            self.inner.as_ref()
+        }
+
+        pub fn unwrap_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PythonStdState {
+            self.inner.as_mut()
+        }
     }
 
     #[pymethods]
-            impl $struct_name {
+    impl PythonStdStateWrapper {
         #[new]
         fn new(
             py_rand: PythonRand,
@@ -691,33 +711,78 @@ pub mod pybind {
             objective: &mut PythonFeedback,
         ) -> Self {
             Self {
-                        std_state: StdState::new(py_rand, corpus, solutions, feedback, objective),
+                inner: OwnedPtrMut::Owned(Box::new(
+                    StdState::new(py_rand, corpus, solutions, feedback, objective)
+                        .expect("Failed to create a new StdState"),
+                )),
             }
         }
 
+        fn metadata(&mut self) -> PyObject {
+            let meta = self.inner.as_mut().metadata_mut();
+            if !meta.contains::<PythonMetadata>() {
+                Python::with_gil(|py| {
+                    let dict: Py<PyDict> = PyDict::new(py).into();
+                    meta.insert(PythonMetadata::new(dict.to_object(py)));
+                });
+            }
+            meta.get::<PythonMetadata>().unwrap().map.clone()
+        }
+
+        fn rand(&self) -> PythonRand {
+            self.inner.as_ref().rand().clone()
+        }
+
+        fn corpus(&self) -> PythonCorpus {
+            self.inner.as_ref().corpus().clone()
+        }
+
+        fn solutions(&self) -> PythonCorpus {
+            self.inner.as_ref().solutions().clone()
+        }
+
+        fn executions(&self) -> usize {
+            *self.inner.as_ref().executions()
+        }
+
+        fn max_size(&self) -> usize {
+            self.inner.as_ref().max_size()
+        }
+
         fn generate_initial_inputs(
             &mut self,
-                    py_fuzzer: &mut PythonFuzzer,
+            py_fuzzer: &mut PythonStdFuzzerWrapper,
             py_executor: &mut PythonExecutor,
             py_generator: &mut PythonGenerator,
             py_mgr: &mut PythonEventManager,
             num: usize,
         ) {
-                    self.std_state
+            self.inner
+                .as_mut()
                 .generate_initial_inputs(
-                            &mut py_fuzzer.std_fuzzer,
+                    py_fuzzer.unwrap_mut(),
                     py_executor,
-                            &mut py_generator.rand_printable_generator,
+                    py_generator,
                     py_mgr,
                     num,
                 )
-                        .expect("Failed to generate the initial corpus".into());
-                }
-            }
-        };
+                .expect("Failed to generate the initial corpus");
         }
 
-    define_python_state!(PythonStdState, PythonStdStateWrapper, "StdState",);
+        #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
+        fn load_initial_inputs(
+            &mut self,
+            py_fuzzer: &mut PythonStdFuzzerWrapper,
+            py_executor: &mut PythonExecutor,
+            py_mgr: &mut PythonEventManager,
+            in_dirs: Vec<PathBuf>,
+        ) {
+            self.inner
+                .as_mut()
+                .load_initial_inputs(py_fuzzer.unwrap_mut(), py_executor, py_mgr, &in_dirs)
+                .expect("Failed to load the initial corpus");
+        }
+    }
 
     /// Register the classes to the python module
     pub fn register(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {

libafl_frida/src/coverage_rt.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
 use dynasmrt::{dynasm, DynasmApi, DynasmLabelApi};
 use rangemap::RangeMap;
 
-#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
-use std::ffi::c_void;
-
 #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
 use frida_gum::instruction_writer::X86Register;
 #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]