Add Python Grammar Loader for Nautilus (#2635)

* add python grammar loader for Nautilus

* fmt

* fmt toml

* add python to macos CI deps

* install python

* fmt

* ci

* clippy

* fix workflow

* fmt

* fix baby nautilus

* fix nautilus sync

* fmt

* fmt

* clippy

* typo

* fix miri

* remove pyo3 from workspace to packages which need it and make it optional

* go back to AsRef<Path> for nautilus grammar loading

* replace hardcoded python flags for macos build

* typo

* taplo fmt

* revert formatting of libafl_qemu_arch

* ci

* typo

* remove expects in NautilusContext::from_file and make them Results

* remove not(miri) clause in test

* try and fix python build fir ios and android

* again

* android

* tmate

* fix android build

* document load_python_grammar

* log if python or json when loading nautilus grammar

* make nautilus optional

* add nautilus as feature to forkserver_simple_nautilus

.github/workflows/build_and_test.yml

@@ -53,10 +53,13 @@ jobs:
         run: ./scripts/check_for_blobs.sh
       - name: Build libafl debug
         run: cargo build -p libafl
-      - name: Test the book
+      - name: Test the book (Linux)
         # TODO: fix books test fail with updated windows-rs
-        if: runner.os != 'Windows'
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
         run: cd docs && mdbook test -L ../target/debug/deps
+      - name: Test the book (MacOS)
+        if: runner.os == 'MacOS'
+        run: cd docs && mdbook test -L ../target/debug/deps $(python3-config --ldflags | cut -d ' ' -f1)
       - name: Run tests
         run: cargo test
       - name: Test libafl no_std
@@ -468,7 +471,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Add nightly clippy
         run: rustup toolchain install nightly --component clippy --allow-downgrade && rustup default nightly
       - name: Install deps
-        run: brew install z3 gtk+3
+        run: brew install z3 gtk+3 python
       - name: Install cxxbridge
         run: cargo install cxxbridge-cmd
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -491,7 +494,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: Build iOS
-        run: cargo build --target aarch64-apple-ios && cd libafl_frida && cargo build --target aarch64-apple-ios && cd ..
+        run: PYO3_CROSS_PYTHON_VERSION=$(python3 -c "print('{}.{}'.format(__import__('sys').version_info.major, __import__('sys').version_info.minor))") cargo build --target aarch64-apple-ios && cd libafl_frida && cargo build --target aarch64-apple-ios && cd ..
 
   android:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -509,7 +512,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: Build Android
-        run: cd libafl && cargo ndk -t arm64-v8a build --release
+        run: cd libafl && PYO3_CROSS_PYTHON_VERSION=$(python3 -c "print('{}.{}'.format(__import__('sys').version_info.major, __import__('sys').version_info.minor))") cargo ndk -t arm64-v8a build --release
 
     #run: cargo build --target aarch64-linux-android
     # TODO: Figure out how to properly build stuff with clang

Cargo.toml

@@ -69,9 +69,6 @@ paste = "1.0.15"
 postcard = { version = "1.0.10", features = [
   "alloc",
 ], default-features = false } # no_std compatible serde serialization format
-pyo3 = "0.22.3"
-pyo3-build-config = "0.22.3"
-pyo3-log = "0.11.0"
 rangemap = "1.5.1"
 regex = "1.10.6"
 rustversion = "1.0.17"

fuzzers/binary_only/frida_libpng/harness_win.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) size_t
-    LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const char *data, unsigned int len) {
+LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const char *data, unsigned int len) {
   if (data[0] == 'b') {
     if (data[1] == 'a') {
       if (data[2] == 'd') {

fuzzers/structure_aware/baby_fuzzer_nautilus/src/main.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ fn signals_set(idx: usize) {
 
 #[allow(clippy::similar_names)]
 pub fn main() {
-    let context = NautilusContext::from_file(15, "grammar.json");
+    let context = NautilusContext::from_file(15, "grammar.json").unwrap();
     let mut bytes = vec![];
 
     // The closure that we want to fuzz

fuzzers/structure_aware/forkserver_simple_nautilus/Cargo.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ opt-level = 3
 [dependencies]
 clap = { version = "4.5.18", features = ["derive"] }
 env_logger = "0.11.5"
-libafl = { path = "../../../libafl", features = ["std", "derive"] }
+libafl = { path = "../../../libafl", features = ["std", "derive", "nautilus"] }
 libafl_bolts = { path = "../../../libafl_bolts" }
 log = { version = "0.4.22", features = ["release_max_level_info"] }
 nix = { version = "0.29.0", features = ["signal"] }

fuzzers/structure_aware/forkserver_simple_nautilus/src/main.rs

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub fn main() {
     // Create an observation channel to keep track of the execution time
     let time_observer = TimeObserver::new("time");
 
-    let context = NautilusContext::from_file(15, opt.grammar);
+    let context = NautilusContext::from_file(15, opt.grammar).unwrap();
 
     // Feedback to rate the interestingness of an input
     // This one is composed by two Feedbacks in OR

fuzzers/structure_aware/nautilus_sync/src/lib.rs

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn libafl_main() {
     // The Monitor trait define how the fuzzer stats are reported to the user
     let monitor = SimpleMonitor::new(|s| println!("{s}"));
 
-    let context = NautilusContext::from_file(15, "grammar.json");
+    let context = NautilusContext::from_file(15, "grammar.json").unwrap();
 
     let mut event_converter = opt.bytes_broker_port.map(|port| {
         LlmpEventConverter::builder()

libafl/Cargo.toml

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ rustc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
 
 [features]
 default = [
-  "nautilus",
   "std",
   "derive",
   "llmp_compression",
@@ -180,7 +179,7 @@ llmp_small_maps = [
 nautilus = [
   "std",
   "serde_json/std",
-  "pyo3",
+  "dep:pyo3",
   "rand_trait",
   "regex-syntax",
   "regex",
@@ -261,7 +260,7 @@ arrayvec = { version = "0.7.6", optional = true, default-features = false } # us
 const_format = "0.2.33" # used for providing helpful compiler output
 const_panic = "0.2.9"   # similarly, for formatting const panic output
 
-pyo3 = { workspace = true, optional = true }          # For nautilus
+pyo3 = { version = "0.22.3", features = ["gil-refs"], optional = true }
 regex-syntax = { version = "0.8.4", optional = true }                   # For nautilus
 
 # optional-dev deps (change when target.'cfg(accessible(::std))'.test-dependencies will be stable)

libafl/src/common/nautilus/grammartec/mod.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ pub mod chunkstore;
 pub mod context;
 pub mod mutator;
 pub mod newtypes;
+#[cfg(feature = "nautilus")]
+pub mod python_grammar_loader;
 pub mod recursion_info;
 pub mod rule;
 pub mod tree;

libafl/src/common/nautilus/grammartec/python_grammar_loader.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+use std::{string::String, vec::Vec};
+
+use pyo3::{prelude::*, pyclass, types::IntoPyDict};
+
+use crate::{nautilus::grammartec::context::Context, Error};
+
+#[pyclass]
+struct PyContext {
+    ctx: Context,
+}
+impl PyContext {
+    fn get_context(&self) -> Context {
+        self.ctx.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+#[pymethods]
+impl PyContext {
+    #[new]
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        PyContext {
+            ctx: Context::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn rule(&mut self, py: Python, nt: &str, format: &Bound<PyAny>) -> PyResult<()> {
+        if let Ok(s) = format.extract::<&str>() {
+            self.ctx.add_rule(nt, s.as_bytes());
+        } else if let Ok(s) = format.extract::<&[u8]>() {
+            self.ctx.add_rule(nt, s);
+        } else {
+            return Err(pyo3::exceptions::PyValueError::new_err(
+                "format argument should be string or bytes",
+            ));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
+    fn script(&mut self, nt: &str, nts: Vec<String>, script: PyObject) {
+        self.ctx.add_script(nt, &nts, script);
+    }
+
+    fn regex(&mut self, nt: &str, regex: &str) {
+        self.ctx.add_regex(nt, regex);
+    }
+}
+
+fn loader(py: Python, grammar: &str) -> PyResult<Context> {
+    let py_ctx = Bound::new(py, PyContext::new())?;
+    let locals = [("ctx", &py_ctx)].into_py_dict_bound(py);
+    py.run_bound(grammar, None, Some(&locals))?;
+    Ok(py_ctx.borrow().get_context())
+}
+
+/// Create a `NautilusContext` from a python grammar file
+#[must_use]
+pub fn load_python_grammar(grammar: &str) -> Context {
+    Python::with_gil(|py| {
+        loader(py, grammar)
+            .map_err(|e| e.print_and_set_sys_last_vars(py))
+            .expect("failed to parse python grammar")
+    })
+}

libafl/src/generators/nautilus.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ use libafl_bolts::rands::Rand;
 pub use crate::common::nautilus::grammartec::newtypes::NTermId;
 use crate::{
     common::nautilus::grammartec::context::Context, generators::Generator,
-    inputs::nautilus::NautilusInput, state::HasRand, Error,
+    inputs::nautilus::NautilusInput, nautilus::grammartec::python_grammar_loader, state::HasRand,
+    Error,
 };
 
 /// The nautilus context for a generator
@@ -84,13 +85,19 @@ impl NautilusContext {
     }
 
     /// Create a new [`NautilusContext`] from a file
-    #[must_use]
+    pub fn from_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(tree_depth: usize, grammar_file: P) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-    pub fn from_file<P: AsRef<Path>>(tree_depth: usize, grammar_file: P) -> Self {
+        if grammar_file.as_ref().extension().unwrap_or_default() == "py" {
-        let file = fs::File::open(grammar_file).expect("Cannot open grammar file");
+            log::debug!("Creating NautilusContext from python grammar");
+            let ctx = python_grammar_loader::load_python_grammar(
+                fs::read_to_string(grammar_file)?.as_str(),
+            );
+            return Ok(Self { ctx });
+        }
+        log::debug!("Creating NautilusContext from json grammar");
+        let file = fs::File::open(grammar_file)?;
         let reader = BufReader::new(file);
-        let rules: Vec<Vec<String>> =
+        let rules: Vec<Vec<String>> = serde_json::from_reader(reader)?;
-            serde_json::from_reader(reader).expect("Cannot parse grammar file");
+        Ok(Self::new(tree_depth, &rules))
-        Self::new(tree_depth, &rules)
     }
 }
 

libafl/src/stages/afl_stats.rs

@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ where
     <Z as HasScheduler>::Scheduler: HasQueueCycles,
     <<E as UsesState>::State as HasCorpus>::Corpus: Corpus<Input = E::Input>,
 {
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
     fn perform(
         &mut self,
         fuzzer: &mut Z,

libafl/src/stages/verify_timeouts.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![allow(clippy::too_long_first_doc_paragraph)]
 //! Stage that re-runs captured Timeouts with double the timeout to verify
 //! Note: To capture the timeouts, use in conjunction with `CaptureTimeoutFeedback`
 //! Note: Will NOT work with in process executors due to the potential for restarts/crashes when
@@ -8,10 +9,12 @@ use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::VecDeque, fmt::Debug, marker::PhantomData,
 use libafl_bolts::Error;
 use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Deserialize, Serialize};
 
+#[cfg(not(miri))]
+use crate::inputs::BytesInput;
 use crate::{
     corpus::Corpus,
     executors::{Executor, HasObservers, HasTimeout},
-    inputs::{BytesInput, UsesInput},
+    inputs::UsesInput,
     observers::ObserversTuple,
     stages::Stage,
     state::{HasCorpus, State, UsesState},
@@ -104,8 +107,9 @@ where
         state: &mut Self::State,
         manager: &mut EM,
     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let mut timeouts =
+        let mut timeouts = state
-            state.metadata_or_insert_with(TimeoutsToVerify::<<S::Corpus as Corpus>::Input>::new).clone();
+            .metadata_or_insert_with(TimeoutsToVerify::<<S::Corpus as Corpus>::Input>::new)
+            .clone();
         if timeouts.count() == 0 {
             return Ok(());
         }

libafl_bolts/Cargo.toml

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ clap = { workspace = true, features = [
   "wrap_help",
 ], optional = true } # CLI parsing, for libafl_bolts::cli / the `cli` feature
 log = { workspace = true }
-pyo3 = { workspace = true, optional = true, features = ["serde", "macros"] }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.22.3", optional = true, features = ["serde", "macros"] }
 
 # optional-dev deps (change when target.'cfg(accessible(::std))'.test-dependencies will be stable)
 serial_test = { workspace = true, optional = true, default-features = false, features = [

libafl_qemu/Cargo.toml

@@ -125,7 +125,9 @@ paste = { workspace = true }
 enum-map = "2.7.3"
 serde_yaml = { workspace = true, optional = true } # For parsing the injections yaml file
 toml = { workspace = true, optional = true } # For parsing the injections toml file
-pyo3 = { workspace = true, optional = true, features = ["multiple-pymethods"] }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.22.3", optional = true, features = [
+  "multiple-pymethods",
+] }
 bytes-utils = "0.1.4"
 typed-builder = { workspace = true }
 memmap2 = "0.9.5"
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ document-features = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 libafl_qemu_build = { path = "./libafl_qemu_build", version = "0.13.2" }
-pyo3-build-config = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+pyo3-build-config = { version = "0.22.3", optional = true }
 rustversion = { workspace = true }
 bindgen = { workspace = true }
 cc = { workspace = true }

libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_sys/Cargo.toml

@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ num_enum = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
 libc = { workspace = true }
 strum = { workspace = true }
 strum_macros = { workspace = true }
-pyo3 = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.22.3", optional = true }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 libafl_qemu_build = { path = "../libafl_qemu_build", version = "0.13.2" }
-pyo3-build-config = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+pyo3-build-config = { version = "0.22.3", optional = true }
 rustversion = { workspace = true }
 
 [lints]

libafl_sugar/Cargo.toml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ppc = ["libafl_qemu/ppc"]
 hexagon = ["libafl_qemu/hexagon"]
 
 [build-dependencies]
-pyo3-build-config = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+pyo3-build-config = { version = "0.22.3", optional = true }
 
 [dependencies]
 libafl = { path = "../libafl", version = "0.13.2" }
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ libafl_targets = { path = "../libafl_targets", version = "0.13.2" }
 document-features = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
 typed-builder = { workspace = true }           # Implement the builder pattern at compiletime
-pyo3 = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+pyo3 = { version = "0.22.3", optional = true }
 log = { workspace = true }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]