378 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
378 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
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=head1 NAME
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Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits - MIE units documentation
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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The MIE format allows units of measurement to be specified in brackets at
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the end of a MIE tag name (eg. "Volume(m3)"). This document describes the
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standard MIE units abbreviations.
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=head1 SYNTAX
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The units string may contain any ASCII characters in the range 0x21 ('!') to
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0x7d ('}'), excepting the bracket characters (0x28 and 0x29). An empty
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string is allowed, and indicates a dimensionless value. L<Standard
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units|/STANDARD UNITS> should be used where possible. In the standard
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units, an underline ('_') is used to indicate a subscript, and multiple
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words may be separated with a hyphen ('-').
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Exponents should be positive, and require no separator (eg. "m2" for square
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meters). L<Prefixes|/PREFIXES> may be added to the standard units (eg.
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"cm") except when the resulting name conflicts with another standard unit.
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Multiplication is indicated by '.', and division by '/'. Reciprocal units
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(ie. the multiplicative inverse) are obtained through division rather than
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the use of negative exponents (eg. "/in", not "in-1"). In MIE units,
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multiplication has precedence over division, so everything to the right of a
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'/' is in the denominator. (See L</EXAMPLES> for a few examples.)
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Below is a table summarizing the special characters used in MIE units
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strings.
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. multiplication
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/ division (used for negative exponents)
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- word separator
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_ subscript
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{} annotation
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[] used to avoid name conflicts if necessary
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0-9 exponentiation
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=head1 STANDARD UNITS
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dimensionless
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[G] Newtonian constant of gravitation (unclassified)
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[g] standard acceleration of free fall (acceleration)
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[h] Planck constant (action)
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[k] Boltzmann constant (unclassified)
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{cfu} colony forming units (number)
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{rbc} red blood cell count (number)
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{tbl} tablets (number)
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{tot} particles total count (number)
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% percent (fraction)
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10^N the number ten for arbitrary powers (number)
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A Ampere (electric current)
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a year (time)
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a_g mean Gregorian year (time)
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a_j mean Julian year (time)
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a_t tropical year (time)
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acr acre, U.S. (area)
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acr_br acre, British (area)
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Ao Angstrom (length)
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APL-U APL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgA)
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ar are (area)
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arb-U arbitrary unit (arbitrary)
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arcmin minute of arc (plane angle)
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arcsec second of arc (plane angle)
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atm standard atmosphere (pressure)
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att technical atmosphere (pressure)
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AU astronomic unit (length)
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b barn (action area)
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B bel (level)
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B-kW bel kilowatt (power level)
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B-mV bel millivolt (electric potential level)
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B-SPL bel sound pressure (pressure level)
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B-uV bel microvolt (electric potential level)
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B-V bel volt (electric potential level)
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B-W bel watt (power level)
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bar bar (pressure)
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bbl barrel (fluid volume)
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Bd baud (signal transmission rate)
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bdsk-U Bodansky unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
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beth-U Bethesda unit (biologic activity of factor VIII inhibitor)
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bf board foot (volume)
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Bi Biot (electric current)
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bit bit (amount of information)
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Bq Becquerel (radioactivity)
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Btu British thermal unit (energy)
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Btu_39 British thermal unit at 39 degF (energy)
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Btu_59 British thermal unit at 59 degF (energy)
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Btu_60 British thermal unit at 60 degF (energy)
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Btu_IT international table British thermal unit (energy)
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Btu_m mean British thermal unit (energy)
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Btu_th thermochemical British thermal unit (energy)
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bu bushel, U.S. (dry volume)
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bu_br bushel, British (volume)
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By byte (amount of information)
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C Coulomb (electric charge)
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c velocity of light (velocity)
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cal calorie (energy)
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Cal nutrition label Calories (energy)
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cal_15 calorie at 15 degC (energy)
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cal_20 calorie at 20 degC (energy)
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cal_IT international table calorie (energy)
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cal_m mean calorie (energy)
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cal_th thermochemical calorie (energy)
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car_Au carat of gold alloys (mass fraction)
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car_m metric carat (mass)
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cd candela (luminous intensity)
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Cel degree Celsius (temperature)
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Ch Charriere (gauge of catheters)
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ch Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
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ch_br Gunter's chain, British (length)
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Ci Curie (radioactivity)
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cicero cicero (length)
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circ circle (plane angle)
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cml circular mil, international (area)
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cr cord, international (volume)
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crd_us cord, U.S. (fluid volume)
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cup_us cup (volume)
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d day (time)
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deg degree (plane angle)
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deg{mag} degree from magnetic north (plane angle)
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degF degree Fahrenheit (temperature)
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didot didot (length)
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diop diopter (refraction of a lens)
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dpt dry pint, U.S. (dry volume)
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dqt dry quart, U.S. (dry volume)
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dr dram (mass)
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dr_ap dram, apothecary (mass)
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drp drop (volume)
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dye-U Dye unit (biologic activity of amylase)
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dyn dyne (force)
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e elementary charge (electric charge)
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eps_0 permittivity of vacuum (electric permittivity)
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eq equivalents (amount of substance)
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erg erg (energy)
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eV electronvolt (energy)
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F Farad (electric capacitance)
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fdr fluid dram, U.S. (fluid volume)
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fdr_br fluid dram, British (volume)
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foz fluid ounce, U.S. (fluid volume)
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foz_br fluid ounce, British (volume)
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ft foot, international (length)
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ft_br foot, British (length)
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ft_us foot, U.S. (length)
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fth fathom, international (length)
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fth_br fathom, British (length)
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fth_us fathom, U.S. (length)
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fur furlong, U.S. (length)
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G Gauss (magnetic flux density)
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g gram (mass)
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g.m/{H-B} gram meter per heartbeat (prop. to ventricular stroke work)
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g% gram percent (mass fraction)
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Gal Gal (acceleration)
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gal gallon, U.S. (fluid volume)
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gal_br gallon, British (volume)
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gal_wi historical winchester gallon (dry volume)
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Gb Gilbert (magnetic tension)
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gf gram-force (force)
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gil gill, U.S. (fluid volume)
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gil_br gill, British (volume)
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gon gon (plane angle)
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GPL-U GPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgG)
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gr grain (mass)
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Gy Gray (energy dose)
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H Henry (inductance)
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h hour (time)
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hd hand, international (height of horses)
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hnsf-U Hounsfield unit (x-ray attenuation)
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HP horsepower (power)
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hp_C homeopathic potency of centesimal series (homeopathic potency)
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hp_X homeopathic potency of decimal series (homeopathic potency)
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HPF high power field (view area in microscope)
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Hz Herz (frequency)
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in inch, international (length)
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in_br inch, British (length)
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in_us inch, U.S. (length)
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in-H2O inch of water column (pressure)
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in-Hg inch of mercury column (pressure)
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iU international unit (arbitrary)
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J Joule (energy)
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K Kelvin (temperature)
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ka-U King-Armstrong unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
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kat katal (catalytic activity)
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kg{wet-tis} kilogram of wet tissue (mass)
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kn knot, international (velocity)
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kn_br knot, British (velocity)
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knk-U Kunkel unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
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Ky Kayser (lineic number)
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l liter (volume)
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L liter (volume)
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lb pound (mass)
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lb_ap pound, apothecary (mass)
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lb_tr pound, troy (mass)
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lbf pound force (force)
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lcwt long hunderdweight (mass)
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ligne ligne (length)
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lk link for Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
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lk_br link for Gunter's chain, British (length)
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lm lumen (luminous flux)
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Lmb Lambert (brightness)
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lne line (length)
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LPF low power field (view area in microscope)
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lton long ton (mass)
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lx lux (illuminance)
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ly light-year (length)
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m meter (length)
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m_e electron mass (mass)
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m_p proton mass (mass)
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m-H2O meter of water column (pressure)
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m-Hg meter of mercury column (pressure)
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mclg-U Mac Lagan unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
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mesh mesh, international (lineic number)
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MET metabolic equivalent (metabolic cost of physical activity)
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mg{creat} milligram of creatinine (mass)
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mho mho (electric conductance)
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mi mile, international (statute mile) (length)
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mi_br mile, British (length)
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mi_us mile, U.S. (length)
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mil mil, international (length)
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mil_us mil, U.S. (length)
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min minute (time)
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min_br minim, British (volume)
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min_us minim, U.S. (fluid volume)
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mo month (time)
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mo_g mean Gregorian month (time)
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mo_j mean Julian month (time)
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mo_s synodal month (time)
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mol mole (amount of substance)
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MPL-U MPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgM)
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mu_0 permeability of vacuum (magnetic permeability)
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Mx Maxwell (flux of magnetic induction)
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N Newton (force)
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nmi nautical mile, international (length)
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nmi_br nautical mile, British (length)
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Np neper (level)
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Oe Oersted (magnetic field intensity)
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Ohm Ohm (electric resistance)
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osm osmole of dissolved particles (amount of substance)
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oz ounce (mass)
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oz_ap ounce, apothecary (mass)
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oz_tr ounce, troy (mass)
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P Poise (dynamic viscosity)
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Pa Pascal (pressure)
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pc parsec (length)
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pc_br pace (length)
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pca pica (length)
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pca_pr Printer's pica (length)
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pH pH (acidity)
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ph phot (illuminance)
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pi the number pi (number)
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pied pied (length)
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pk peck, U.S. (dry volume)
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pk_br peck, British (volume)
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pnt point (length)
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pnt_pr Printer's point (length)
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pouce pouce (length)
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ppb parts per billion (fraction)
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ppm parts per million (fraction)
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ppth parts per thousand (fraction)
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pptr parts per trillion (fraction)
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PRU peripheral vascular resistance unit (fluid resistance)
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psi pound per square inch (pressure)
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pt pint, U.S. (fluid volume)
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pt_br pint, British (volume)
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pwt_tr pennyweight (mass)
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qt quart, U.S. (fluid volume)
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qt_br quart, British (volume)
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R Roentgen (ion dose)
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rad radian (plane angle)
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RAD radiation absorbed dose (energy dose)
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rch Ramden's chain, U.S. (length)
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rd rod, U.S. (length)
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rd_br rod, British (length)
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REM radiation equivalent man (dose equivalent)
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rlk_us link for Ramden's chain (length)
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s second (time)
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S Siemens (electric conductance)
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sb stilb (lum. intensity density)
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sc_ap scruple, apothecary (mass)
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sct section (area)
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scwt short hundredweight (mass)
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smgy-U Somogyi unit (biologic activity of amylase)
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sph spere (solid angle)
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sr streadian (solid angle)
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st stere (volume)
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St Stokes (kinematic viscosity)
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ston short ton (mass)
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stone stone (mass)
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Sv Sievert (dose equivalent)
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Sv-U Svedberg unit (sedimentation coefficient)
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T Tesla (magnetic flux density)
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t tonne (mass)
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tb-U tuberculin unit (biologic activity of tuberculin)
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tbs tablespoon, U.S. (volume)
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todd-U Todd unit (biologic activity antistreptolysin O)
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tsp teaspoon, U.S. (volume)
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twp township (area)
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u unified atomic mass unit (mass)
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U Unit (catalytic activity)
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USP-U U.S. Pharmacopeia unit (arbitrary)
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V Volt (electric potential)
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W Watt (power)
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Wb Weber (magnetic flux)
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wk week (time)
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yd yard, international (length)
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yd_br yard, British (length)
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yd_us yard, U.S. (length)
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=head1 PREFIXES
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Standard SI prefixes:
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y yocto (10^-24)
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z zepto (10^-21)
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a atto (10^-18)
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f femto (10^-15)
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p pico (10^-12)
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n nano (10^-9)
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u micro (10^-6)
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m milli (10^-3)
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c centi (10^-2)
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d deci (10^-1)
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da deka (10)
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h hecto (10^2)
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k kilo (10^3)
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G giga (10^9)
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M mega (10^6)
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T tera (10^12)
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P peta (10^15)
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E exa (10^18)
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Z zetta (10^21)
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Y yotta (10^24)
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Binary power prefixes:
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Ki kibi (2^10)
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Mi mebi (2^20)
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Gi gibi (2^30)
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Ti tebi (2^40)
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=head1 EXAMPLES
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A few examples of combined units strings:
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/cm3 per cubic centimeter
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in2 square inches
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kg.m/s2 Newtons (N)
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m3/kg.s2 units of [G]
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10^100 googols
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=head1 HISTORY
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2006-12-14 - PH Created
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=head1 AUTHOR
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Copyright 2003-2018, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
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This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the same terms as Perl itself.
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=head1 REFERENCES
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=over 4
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=item L<http://aurora.regenstrief.org/UCUM/>
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=back
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=head1 SEE ALSO
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||
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|
L<Image::ExifTool::MIE(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::MIE>,
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L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
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=cut
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