diff --git a/netfilterqueue.c b/netfilterqueue.c
index 77b8c15..4b3badf 100644
--- a/netfilterqueue.c
+++ b/netfilterqueue.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Generated by Cython 0.15.1 on Fri Oct 14 08:35:07 2011 */
+/* Generated by Cython 0.15.1 on Mon Dec 24 11:15:48 2012 */
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 #include "Python.h"
@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@
 #include "libnetfilter_queue/linux_nfnetlink_queue.h"
 #include "libnetfilter_queue/libnetfilter_queue.h"
 #include "sys/socket.h"
+#include "string.h"
 #ifdef _OPENMP
 #include <omp.h>
 #endif /* _OPENMP */
@@ -421,7 +422,7 @@ struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet {
   int _verdict_is_set;
   int _mark_is_set;
   u_int32_t _given_mark;
-  unsigned char *_given_payload;
+  PyObject *_given_payload;
   u_int32_t id;
   u_int16_t hw_protocol;
   u_int8_t hook;
@@ -431,7 +432,7 @@ struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet {
 };
 
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pxd":186
+/* "netfilterqueue.pxd":187
  *     cpdef drop(self)
  * 
  * cdef class NetfilterQueue:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -449,11 +450,11 @@ struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue {
 
 
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":34
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":35
  *     return 1
  * 
  * cdef class Packet:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *     """A packet received from QueueHandler."""
+ *     """A packet received from NetfilterQueue."""
  *     def __cinit__(self):
  */
 
@@ -462,6 +463,7 @@ struct __pyx_vtabstruct_14netfilterqueue_Packet {
   void (*verdict)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, u_int8_t);
   Py_ssize_t (*get_payload_len)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch);
   double (*get_timestamp)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch);
+  PyObject *(*set_payload)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, PyObject *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch);
   PyObject *(*set_mark)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, u_int32_t, int __pyx_skip_dispatch);
   PyObject *(*accept)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch);
   PyObject *(*drop)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch);
@@ -529,6 +531,9 @@ static CYTHON_INLINE void __Pyx_ErrFetch(PyObject **type, PyObject **value, PyOb
 
 static void __Pyx_Raise(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb, PyObject *cause); /*proto*/
 
+static int __Pyx_ArgTypeTest(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *type, int none_allowed,
+    const char *name, int exact); /*proto*/
+
 static PyObject* __Pyx_PyDict_GetItemDefault(PyObject* d, PyObject* key, PyObject* default_value) {
     PyObject* value;
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
@@ -620,6 +625,8 @@ static void __Pyx_AddTraceback(const char *funcname, int __pyx_clineno,
 
 static int __Pyx_InitStrings(__Pyx_StringTabEntry *t); /*proto*/
 
+/* Module declarations from 'libc.string' */
+
 /* Module declarations from 'netfilterqueue' */
 static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_14netfilterqueue_Packet = 0;
 static PyTypeObject *__pyx_ptype_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue = 0;
@@ -638,7 +645,7 @@ static char __pyx_k_7[] = "Failed to open NFQueue.";
 static char __pyx_k_9[] = "Failed to bind family %s. Are you root?";
 static char __pyx_k_12[] = "Failed to create queue %s.";
 static char __pyx_k_13[] = "Failed to set packet copy mode.";
-static char __pyx_k_15[] = "\nBind to a Linux netfilter queue. Send packets to a user-specified callback \nfunction.\n\nCopyright: (c) 2011 Kerkhoff Technologies Inc.\nLicense: GPL\n";
+static char __pyx_k_15[] = "\nBind to a Linux netfilter queue. Send packets to a user-specified callback \nfunction.\n\nCopyright: (c) 2011, Kerkhoff Technologies Inc.\nLicense: MIT; see LICENSE.txt\n";
 static char __pyx_k_17[] = "DEFAULT_MAX_QUEUELEN";
 static char __pyx_k_18[] = "BBN-RCC-MON";
 static char __pyx_k_19[] = "NVP-II";
@@ -799,6 +806,7 @@ static char __pyx_k__KRYPTOLAN[] = "KRYPTOLAN";
 static char __pyx_k__PROTOCOLS[] = "PROTOCOLS";
 static char __pyx_k__queue_num[] = "queue_num";
 static char __pyx_k__COPY_PACKET[] = "COPY_PACKET";
+static char __pyx_k__set_payload[] = "set_payload";
 static char __pyx_k__get_timestamp[] = "get_timestamp";
 static char __pyx_k__user_callback[] = "user_callback";
 static char __pyx_k__RuntimeWarning[] = "RuntimeWarning";
@@ -974,6 +982,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__mode;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__queue_num;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__range;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__set_mark;
+static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__set_payload;
 static PyObject *__pyx_n_s__user_callback;
 static PyObject *__pyx_int_0;
 static PyObject *__pyx_int_1;
@@ -1126,12 +1135,12 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_8;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_14;
 static PyObject *__pyx_k_tuple_16;
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":23
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":24
  * DEF MaxCopySize = BufferSize - MetadataSize
  * 
  * cdef int global_callback(nfq_q_handle *qh, nfgenmsg *nfmsg,             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *                          nfq_data *nfa, void *data) with gil:
- *     """Create a Packet and pass it to appropriate Python/Cython callback."""
+ *     """Create a Packet and pass it to appropriate callback."""
  */
 
 static int __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_global_callback(struct nfq_q_handle *__pyx_v_qh, struct nfgenmsg *__pyx_v_nfmsg, struct nfq_data *__pyx_v_nfa, void *__pyx_v_data) {
@@ -1150,9 +1159,9 @@ static int __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_global_callback(struct nfq_q_handle *__pyx_v
   #endif
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("global_callback");
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":26
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":27
  *                          nfq_data *nfa, void *data) with gil:
- *     """Create a Packet and pass it to appropriate Python/Cython callback."""
+ *     """Create a Packet and pass it to appropriate callback."""
  *     cdef NetfilterQueue nfqueue = <NetfilterQueue>data             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *     cdef object user_callback = <object>nfqueue.user_callback
  * 
@@ -1160,8 +1169,8 @@ static int __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_global_callback(struct nfq_q_handle *__pyx_v
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_data)));
   __pyx_v_nfqueue = ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_data);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":27
- *     """Create a Packet and pass it to appropriate Python/Cython callback."""
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":28
+ *     """Create a Packet and pass it to appropriate callback."""
  *     cdef NetfilterQueue nfqueue = <NetfilterQueue>data
  *     cdef object user_callback = <object>nfqueue.user_callback             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
@@ -1170,47 +1179,47 @@ static int __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_global_callback(struct nfq_q_handle *__pyx_v
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_nfqueue->user_callback));
   __pyx_v_user_callback = __pyx_v_nfqueue->user_callback;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":29
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":30
  *     cdef object user_callback = <object>nfqueue.user_callback
  * 
  *     packet = Packet()             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *     packet.set_nfq_data(qh, nfa)
  *     user_callback(packet)
  */
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(((PyObject *)((PyObject*)__pyx_ptype_14netfilterqueue_Packet)), ((PyObject *)__pyx_empty_tuple), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 29; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(((PyObject *)((PyObject*)__pyx_ptype_14netfilterqueue_Packet)), ((PyObject *)__pyx_empty_tuple), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 30; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
   __pyx_v_packet = ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_t_1);
   __pyx_t_1 = 0;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":30
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":31
  * 
  *     packet = Packet()
  *     packet.set_nfq_data(qh, nfa)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *     user_callback(packet)
  *     return 1
  */
-  __pyx_t_1 = ((struct __pyx_vtabstruct_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_packet->__pyx_vtab)->set_nfq_data(__pyx_v_packet, __pyx_v_qh, __pyx_v_nfa); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 30; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = ((struct __pyx_vtabstruct_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_packet->__pyx_vtab)->set_nfq_data(__pyx_v_packet, __pyx_v_qh, __pyx_v_nfa); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 31; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
   __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_1); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":31
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":32
  *     packet = Packet()
  *     packet.set_nfq_data(qh, nfa)
  *     user_callback(packet)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *     return 1
  * 
  */
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 31; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 32; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_packet));
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_1, 0, ((PyObject *)__pyx_v_packet));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_packet));
-  __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_v_user_callback, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 31; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_v_user_callback, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 32; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_2);
   __Pyx_DECREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1)); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
   __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_2); __pyx_t_2 = 0;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":32
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":33
  *     packet.set_nfq_data(qh, nfa)
  *     user_callback(packet)
  *     return 1             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1238,9 +1247,9 @@ static int __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_global_callback(struct nfq_q_handle *__pyx_v
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":36
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":37
  * cdef class Packet:
- *     """A packet received from QueueHandler."""
+ *     """A packet received from NetfilterQueue."""
  *     def __cinit__(self):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         self._verdict_is_set = False
  *         self._mark_is_set = False
@@ -1255,40 +1264,44 @@ static int __pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet___cinit__(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, P
     __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("__cinit__", 1, 0, 0, PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args)); return -1;}
   if (unlikely(__pyx_kwds) && unlikely(PyDict_Size(__pyx_kwds) > 0) && unlikely(!__Pyx_CheckKeywordStrings(__pyx_kwds, "__cinit__", 0))) return -1;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":37
- *     """A packet received from QueueHandler."""
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":38
+ *     """A packet received from NetfilterQueue."""
  *     def __cinit__(self):
  *         self._verdict_is_set = False             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         self._mark_is_set = False
- *         self._given_payload = NULL
+ *         self._given_payload = None
  */
   ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->_verdict_is_set = 0;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":38
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":39
  *     def __cinit__(self):
  *         self._verdict_is_set = False
  *         self._mark_is_set = False             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *         self._given_payload = NULL
+ *         self._given_payload = None
  * 
  */
   ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->_mark_is_set = 0;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":39
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":40
  *         self._verdict_is_set = False
  *         self._mark_is_set = False
- *         self._given_payload = NULL             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         self._given_payload = None             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *     def __str__(self):
  */
-  ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->_given_payload = NULL;
+  __Pyx_INCREF(Py_None);
+  __Pyx_GIVEREF(Py_None);
+  __Pyx_GOTREF(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->_given_payload);
+  __Pyx_DECREF(((PyObject *)((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->_given_payload));
+  ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->_given_payload = ((PyObject*)Py_None);
 
   __pyx_r = 0;
   __Pyx_RefNannyFinishContext();
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":41
- *         self._given_payload = NULL
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":42
+ *         self._given_payload = None
  * 
  *     def __str__(self):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         cdef iphdr *hdr = <iphdr*>self.payload
@@ -1309,7 +1322,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_1__str__(PyObject *__pyx_v_se
   int __pyx_clineno = 0;
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("__str__");
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":42
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":43
  * 
  *     def __str__(self):
  *         cdef iphdr *hdr = <iphdr*>self.payload             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1318,21 +1331,21 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_1__str__(PyObject *__pyx_v_se
  */
   __pyx_v_hdr = ((struct iphdr *)((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->payload);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":43
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":44
  *     def __str__(self):
  *         cdef iphdr *hdr = <iphdr*>self.payload
  *         protocol = PROTOCOLS.get(hdr.protocol, "Unknown protocol")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         return "%s packet, %s bytes" % (protocol, self.payload_len)
  * 
  */
-  __pyx_t_1 = __Pyx_GetName(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__PROTOCOLS); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 43; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = __Pyx_GetName(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__PROTOCOLS); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 44; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
-  __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_GetAttr(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_n_s__get); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 43; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_GetAttr(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_n_s__get); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 44; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_2);
   __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_1); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
-  __pyx_t_1 = __Pyx_PyInt_to_py_u_int8_t(__pyx_v_hdr->protocol); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 43; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = __Pyx_PyInt_to_py_u_int8_t(__pyx_v_hdr->protocol); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 44; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
-  __pyx_t_3 = PyTuple_New(2); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 43; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_3 = PyTuple_New(2); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 44; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3));
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_3, 0, __pyx_t_1);
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(__pyx_t_1);
@@ -1340,14 +1353,14 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_1__str__(PyObject *__pyx_v_se
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_3, 1, ((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_1));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_1));
   __pyx_t_1 = 0;
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_t_2, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 43; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_t_2, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 44; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
   __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_2); __pyx_t_2 = 0;
   __Pyx_DECREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3)); __pyx_t_3 = 0;
   __pyx_v_protocol = __pyx_t_1;
   __pyx_t_1 = 0;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":44
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":45
  *         cdef iphdr *hdr = <iphdr*>self.payload
  *         protocol = PROTOCOLS.get(hdr.protocol, "Unknown protocol")
  *         return "%s packet, %s bytes" % (protocol, self.payload_len)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1355,9 +1368,9 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_1__str__(PyObject *__pyx_v_se
  *     cdef set_nfq_data(self, nfq_q_handle *qh, nfq_data *nfa):
  */
   __Pyx_XDECREF(__pyx_r);
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyInt_FromSsize_t(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->payload_len); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 44; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyInt_FromSsize_t(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->payload_len); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 45; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
-  __pyx_t_3 = PyTuple_New(2); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 44; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_3 = PyTuple_New(2); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 45; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3));
   __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_v_protocol);
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_3, 0, __pyx_v_protocol);
@@ -1365,7 +1378,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_1__str__(PyObject *__pyx_v_se
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_3, 1, __pyx_t_1);
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(__pyx_t_1);
   __pyx_t_1 = 0;
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyNumber_Remainder(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_2), ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 44; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyNumber_Remainder(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_2), ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 45; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1));
   __Pyx_DECREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3)); __pyx_t_3 = 0;
   __pyx_r = ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1);
@@ -1387,7 +1400,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_1__str__(PyObject *__pyx_v_se
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":46
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":47
  *         return "%s packet, %s bytes" % (protocol, self.payload_len)
  * 
  *     cdef set_nfq_data(self, nfq_q_handle *qh, nfq_data *nfa):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1405,7 +1418,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
   int __pyx_clineno = 0;
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("set_nfq_data");
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":51
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":52
  *         local values.
  *         """
  *         self._qh = qh             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1414,7 +1427,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   __pyx_v_self->_qh = __pyx_v_qh;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":52
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":53
  *         """
  *         self._qh = qh
  *         self._nfa = nfa             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1423,7 +1436,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   __pyx_v_self->_nfa = __pyx_v_nfa;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":53
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":54
  *         self._qh = qh
  *         self._nfa = nfa
  *         self._hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(nfa)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1432,7 +1445,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   __pyx_v_self->_hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(__pyx_v_nfa);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":55
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":56
  *         self._hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(nfa)
  * 
  *         self.id = ntohl(self._hdr.packet_id)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1441,7 +1454,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   __pyx_v_self->id = ntohl(__pyx_v_self->_hdr->packet_id);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":56
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":57
  * 
  *         self.id = ntohl(self._hdr.packet_id)
  *         self.hw_protocol = ntohs(self._hdr.hw_protocol)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1450,7 +1463,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   __pyx_v_self->hw_protocol = ntohs(__pyx_v_self->_hdr->hw_protocol);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":57
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":58
  *         self.id = ntohl(self._hdr.packet_id)
  *         self.hw_protocol = ntohs(self._hdr.hw_protocol)
  *         self.hook = self._hdr.hook             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1459,7 +1472,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   __pyx_v_self->hook = __pyx_v_self->_hdr->hook;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":59
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":60
  *         self.hook = self._hdr.hook
  * 
  *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1468,7 +1481,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   __pyx_v_self->payload_len = nfq_get_payload(__pyx_v_self->_nfa, (&__pyx_v_self->payload));
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":60
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":61
  * 
  *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)
  *         if self.payload_len < 0:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1478,23 +1491,23 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
   __pyx_t_1 = (__pyx_v_self->payload_len < 0);
   if (__pyx_t_1) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":61
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":62
  *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)
  *         if self.payload_len < 0:
  *             raise OSError("Failed to get payload of packet.")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *         nfq_get_timestamp(self._nfa, &self.timestamp)
  */
-    __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, ((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_4), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 61; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, ((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_4), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 62; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_2);
     __Pyx_Raise(__pyx_t_2, 0, 0, 0);
     __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_2); __pyx_t_2 = 0;
-    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 61; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 62; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     goto __pyx_L3;
   }
   __pyx_L3:;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":63
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":64
  *             raise OSError("Failed to get payload of packet.")
  * 
  *         nfq_get_timestamp(self._nfa, &self.timestamp)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1515,7 +1528,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":65
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":66
  *         nfq_get_timestamp(self._nfa, &self.timestamp)
  * 
  *     cdef void verdict(self, u_int8_t verdict):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1524,14 +1537,19 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
 
 static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *__pyx_v_self, u_int8_t __pyx_v_verdict) {
+  u_int32_t __pyx_v_modified_payload_len;
+  unsigned char *__pyx_v_modified_payload;
   __Pyx_RefNannyDeclarations
   PyObject *__pyx_t_1 = NULL;
+  int __pyx_t_2;
+  Py_ssize_t __pyx_t_3;
+  unsigned char *__pyx_t_4;
   int __pyx_lineno = 0;
   const char *__pyx_filename = NULL;
   int __pyx_clineno = 0;
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("verdict");
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":67
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":68
  *     cdef void verdict(self, u_int8_t verdict):
  *         """Call appropriate set_verdict... function on packet."""
  *         if self._verdict_is_set:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1540,56 +1558,113 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
  */
   if (__pyx_v_self->_verdict_is_set) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":68
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":69
  *         """Call appropriate set_verdict... function on packet."""
  *         if self._verdict_is_set:
  *             raise RuntimeWarning("Verdict already given for this packet.")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
- *         if self._mark_is_set:
+ *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0
  */
-    __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_RuntimeWarning, ((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_6), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 68; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_RuntimeWarning, ((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_6), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 69; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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     __Pyx_Raise(__pyx_t_1, 0, 0, 0);
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-    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 68; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 69; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     goto __pyx_L3;
   }
   __pyx_L3:;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":70
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":71
  *             raise RuntimeWarning("Verdict already given for this packet.")
  * 
- *         if self._mark_is_set:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *             nfq_set_verdict_mark( # TODO: make this use nfq_set_verdict2 if available on system
- *                 self._qh,
+ *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         cdef unsigned char *modified_payload = NULL
+ *         if self._given_payload:
  */
-  if (__pyx_v_self->_mark_is_set) {
+  __pyx_v_modified_payload_len = 0;
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":77
- *                 htonl(self._given_mark),
- *                 0, # TODO: adapt to use self._given_payload
- *                 NULL # TODO: adapt to use self._given_payload             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *             )
- *         else:
- */
-    nfq_set_verdict_mark(__pyx_v_self->_qh, __pyx_v_self->id, __pyx_v_verdict, htonl(__pyx_v_self->_given_mark), 0, NULL);
-    goto __pyx_L4;
-  }
-  /*else*/ {
-
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":85
- *                 verdict,
- *                 0, # TODO: adapt to use self._given_payload
- *                 NULL # TODO: adapt to use self._given_payload             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *             )
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":72
  * 
+ *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0
+ *         cdef unsigned char *modified_payload = NULL             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         if self._given_payload:
+ *             modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)
  */
-    nfq_set_verdict(__pyx_v_self->_qh, __pyx_v_self->id, __pyx_v_verdict, 0, NULL);
+  __pyx_v_modified_payload = NULL;
+
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":73
+ *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0
+ *         cdef unsigned char *modified_payload = NULL
+ *         if self._given_payload:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *             modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)
+ *             modified_payload = self._given_payload
+ */
+  __pyx_t_2 = (((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self->_given_payload) != Py_None) && (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self->_given_payload)) != 0);
+  if (__pyx_t_2) {
+
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":74
+ *         cdef unsigned char *modified_payload = NULL
+ *         if self._given_payload:
+ *             modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *             modified_payload = self._given_payload
+ *         if self._mark_is_set:
+ */
+    __pyx_t_1 = ((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self->_given_payload);
+    __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_t_1);
+    if (unlikely(__pyx_t_1 == Py_None)) {
+      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "object of type 'NoneType' has no len()"); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 74; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;} 
+    }
+    __pyx_t_3 = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(__pyx_t_1); 
+    __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_1); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
+    __pyx_v_modified_payload_len = __pyx_t_3;
+
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":75
+ *         if self._given_payload:
+ *             modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)
+ *             modified_payload = self._given_payload             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         if self._mark_is_set:
+ *             nfq_set_verdict_mark( # TODO: make this use nfq_set_verdict2 if
+ */
+    __pyx_t_4 = __Pyx_PyBytes_AsUString(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self->_given_payload)); if (unlikely((!__pyx_t_4) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 75; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_v_modified_payload = __pyx_t_4;
+    goto __pyx_L4;
   }
   __pyx_L4:;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":88
- *             )
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":76
+ *             modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)
+ *             modified_payload = self._given_payload
+ *         if self._mark_is_set:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *             nfq_set_verdict_mark( # TODO: make this use nfq_set_verdict2 if
+ *                                     # available on system
+ */
+  if (__pyx_v_self->_mark_is_set) {
+
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":84
+ *                 htonl(self._given_mark),
+ *                 modified_payload_len,
+ *                 modified_payload)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         else:
+ *             nfq_set_verdict(
+ */
+    nfq_set_verdict_mark(__pyx_v_self->_qh, __pyx_v_self->id, __pyx_v_verdict, htonl(__pyx_v_self->_given_mark), __pyx_v_modified_payload_len, __pyx_v_modified_payload);
+    goto __pyx_L5;
+  }
+  /*else*/ {
+
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":91
+ *                 verdict,
+ *                 modified_payload_len,
+ *                 modified_payload)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ * 
+ *         self._verdict_is_set = True
+ */
+    nfq_set_verdict(__pyx_v_self->_qh, __pyx_v_self->id, __pyx_v_verdict, __pyx_v_modified_payload_len, __pyx_v_modified_payload);
+  }
+  __pyx_L5:;
+
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":93
+ *                 modified_payload)
  * 
  *         self._verdict_is_set = True             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
@@ -1605,12 +1680,12 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
   __Pyx_RefNannyFinishContext();
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":90
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":95
  *         self._verdict_is_set = True
  * 
  *     def get_payload(self):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         """Return payload as Python string."""
- *         cdef object py_string = PyString_FromStringAndSize(self.payload, self.payload_len)
+ *         cdef object py_string = PyString_FromStringAndSize(self.payload,
  */
 
 static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_2get_payload(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused); /*proto*/
@@ -1625,21 +1700,21 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_2get_payload(PyObject *__pyx_
   int __pyx_clineno = 0;
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("get_payload");
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":92
- *     def get_payload(self):
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":98
  *         """Return payload as Python string."""
- *         cdef object py_string = PyString_FromStringAndSize(self.payload, self.payload_len)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         cdef object py_string = PyString_FromStringAndSize(self.payload,
+ *                                                            self.payload_len)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         return py_string
  * 
  */
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyString_FromStringAndSize(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->payload, ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->payload_len); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 92; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyString_FromStringAndSize(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->payload, ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->payload_len); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 97; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
   __pyx_v_py_string = __pyx_t_1;
   __pyx_t_1 = 0;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":93
- *         """Return payload as Python string."""
- *         cdef object py_string = PyString_FromStringAndSize(self.payload, self.payload_len)
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":99
+ *         cdef object py_string = PyString_FromStringAndSize(self.payload,
+ *                                                            self.payload_len)
  *         return py_string             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *     cpdef Py_ssize_t get_payload_len(self):
@@ -1662,7 +1737,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_2get_payload(PyObject *__pyx_
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":95
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":101
  *         return py_string
  * 
  *     cpdef Py_ssize_t get_payload_len(self):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1685,12 +1760,12 @@ static Py_ssize_t __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_get_payload_len(struct __pyx_
   if (unlikely(__pyx_skip_dispatch)) ;
   /* Check if overriden in Python */
   else if (unlikely(Py_TYPE(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self))->tp_dictoffset != 0)) {
-    __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_GetAttr(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self), __pyx_n_s__get_payload_len); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 95; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_GetAttr(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self), __pyx_n_s__get_payload_len); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 101; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
     if (!PyCFunction_Check(__pyx_t_1) || (PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(__pyx_t_1) != (void *)&__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_3get_payload_len)) {
-      __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_t_1, ((PyObject *)__pyx_empty_tuple), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 95; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+      __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_t_1, ((PyObject *)__pyx_empty_tuple), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 101; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
       __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_2);
-      __pyx_t_3 = __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(__pyx_t_2); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_3 == (Py_ssize_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 95; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+      __pyx_t_3 = __Pyx_PyIndex_AsSsize_t(__pyx_t_2); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_3 == (Py_ssize_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 101; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
       __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_2); __pyx_t_2 = 0;
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       __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_1); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
@@ -1699,7 +1774,7 @@ static Py_ssize_t __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_get_payload_len(struct __pyx_
     __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_1); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":96
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":102
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  *     cpdef Py_ssize_t get_payload_len(self):
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@@ -1721,7 +1796,7 @@ static Py_ssize_t __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_get_payload_len(struct __pyx_
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":95
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":101
  *         return py_string
  * 
  *     cpdef Py_ssize_t get_payload_len(self):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1739,7 +1814,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_3get_payload_len(PyObject *__
   int __pyx_clineno = 0;
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   __Pyx_XDECREF(__pyx_r);
-  __pyx_t_1 = PyInt_FromSsize_t(((struct __pyx_vtabstruct_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->__pyx_vtab)->get_payload_len(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self), 1)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 95; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyInt_FromSsize_t(((struct __pyx_vtabstruct_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->__pyx_vtab)->get_payload_len(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self), 1)); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 101; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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@@ -1757,7 +1832,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_3get_payload_len(PyObject *__
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":98
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":104
  *         return self.payload_len
  * 
  *     cpdef double get_timestamp(self):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -1780,12 +1855,12 @@ static double __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_get_timestamp(struct __pyx_obj_14
   if (unlikely(__pyx_skip_dispatch)) ;
   /* Check if overriden in Python */
   else if (unlikely(Py_TYPE(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self))->tp_dictoffset != 0)) {
-    __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_GetAttr(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self), __pyx_n_s__get_timestamp); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 98; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_GetAttr(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self), __pyx_n_s__get_timestamp); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 104; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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 static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_mark(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *__pyx_v_self, u_int32_t __pyx_v_mark, int __pyx_skip_dispatch) {
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-static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_6accept(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused) {
+static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7accept(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused); /*proto*/
+static char __pyx_doc_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7accept[] = "Accept the packet.";
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@@ -2078,7 +2261,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_6accept(PyObject *__pyx_v_sel
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-static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7drop(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused); /*proto*/
+static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_8drop(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused); /*proto*/
 static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_drop(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *__pyx_v_self, int __pyx_skip_dispatch) {
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+    __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_GetAttr(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_self), __pyx_n_s__drop); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 119; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-    if (!PyCFunction_Check(__pyx_t_1) || (PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(__pyx_t_1) != (void *)&__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7drop)) {
+    if (!PyCFunction_Check(__pyx_t_1) || (PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(__pyx_t_1) != (void *)&__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_8drop)) {
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":116
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":121
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   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":114
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-static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7drop(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused); /*proto*/
-static char __pyx_doc_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7drop[] = "Drop the packet.";
-static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7drop(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused) {
+static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_8drop(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused); /*proto*/
+static char __pyx_doc_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_8drop[] = "Drop the packet.";
+static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_8drop(PyObject *__pyx_v_self, CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *unused) {
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@@ -2147,7 +2330,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7drop(PyObject *__pyx_v_self,
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+  __pyx_t_1 = ((struct __pyx_vtabstruct_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self)->__pyx_vtab)->drop(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)__pyx_v_self), 1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 119; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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@@ -2309,7 +2492,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7payload___get__(PyObject *__
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 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":120
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":125
  * cdef class NetfilterQueue:
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@@ -2338,7 +2521,7 @@ static int __pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue___cinit__(PyObject *__pyx_
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":121
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":126
  *     """Handle a single numbered queue."""
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-    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError, "'NoneType' object has no attribute '%s'", "get"); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 121; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;} 
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError, "'NoneType' object has no attribute '%s'", "get"); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 126; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;} 
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+  __pyx_t_1 = PyInt_FromLong(__pyx_e_14netfilterqueue_PF_INET); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 126; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+  __pyx_t_2 = __Pyx_PyDict_GetItemDefault(((PyObject *)__pyx_v_kwargs), ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__af), __pyx_t_1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 126; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+  __pyx_t_3 = __Pyx_PyInt_from_py_u_int16_t(__pyx_t_2); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_3 == (u_int16_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 126; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":123
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":128
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@@ -2366,7 +2549,7 @@ static int __pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue___cinit__(PyObject *__pyx_
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   ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_self)->h = nfq_open();
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":124
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":129
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  *         self.h = nfq_open()
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@@ -2376,23 +2559,23 @@ static int __pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue___cinit__(PyObject *__pyx_
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-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":125
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":130
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+    __pyx_t_2 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, ((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_8), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 130; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 125; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 130; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":126
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":131
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@@ -2401,7 +2584,7 @@ static int __pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue___cinit__(PyObject *__pyx_
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":128
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-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":129
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+    __pyx_t_1 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_2), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 134; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 129; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 134; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":131
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-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":133
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":138
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":136
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- *     def bind(self, int queue_num, object user_callback, u_int32_t max_len=DEFAULT_MAX_QUEUELEN,
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-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":138
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+          __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("bind", 0, 2, 5, 1); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 143; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
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@@ -2568,7 +2751,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_2bind(PyObject *__py
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-        if (unlikely(__Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_pyargnames, 0, values, PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args), "bind") < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 138; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+        if (unlikely(__Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_pyargnames, 0, values, PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args), "bind") < 0)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 143; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
       }
     } else {
       switch (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args)) {
@@ -2581,39 +2764,39 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_2bind(PyObject *__py
         default: goto __pyx_L5_argtuple_error;
       }
     }
-    __pyx_v_queue_num = __Pyx_PyInt_AsInt(values[0]); if (unlikely((__pyx_v_queue_num == (int)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 138; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+    __pyx_v_queue_num = __Pyx_PyInt_AsInt(values[0]); if (unlikely((__pyx_v_queue_num == (int)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 143; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
     __pyx_v_user_callback = values[1];
     if (values[2]) {
-      __pyx_v_max_len = __Pyx_PyInt_from_py_u_int32_t(values[2]); if (unlikely((__pyx_v_max_len == (u_int32_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 138; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+      __pyx_v_max_len = __Pyx_PyInt_from_py_u_int32_t(values[2]); if (unlikely((__pyx_v_max_len == (u_int32_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 144; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
     } else {
       __pyx_v_max_len = __pyx_k_10;
     }
     if (values[3]) {
-      __pyx_v_mode = __Pyx_PyInt_from_py_u_int8_t(values[3]); if (unlikely((__pyx_v_mode == (u_int8_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 139; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+      __pyx_v_mode = __Pyx_PyInt_from_py_u_int8_t(values[3]); if (unlikely((__pyx_v_mode == (u_int8_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 145; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
     } else {
       __pyx_v_mode = __pyx_k_11;
     }
     if (values[4]) {
-      __pyx_v_range = __Pyx_PyInt_from_py_u_int32_t(values[4]); if (unlikely((__pyx_v_range == (u_int32_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 139; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+      __pyx_v_range = __Pyx_PyInt_from_py_u_int32_t(values[4]); if (unlikely((__pyx_v_range == (u_int32_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 146; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
     } else {
       __pyx_v_range = ((u_int32_t)65535);
     }
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   goto __pyx_L4_argument_unpacking_done;
   __pyx_L5_argtuple_error:;
-  __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("bind", 0, 2, 5, PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args)); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 138; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
+  __Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid("bind", 0, 2, 5, PyTuple_GET_SIZE(__pyx_args)); {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 143; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L3_error;}
   __pyx_L3_error:;
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":141
- *                 u_int8_t mode=NFQNL_COPY_PACKET, u_int32_t range=MaxPacketSize):
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":148
+ *                 u_int32_t range=MaxPacketSize):
  *         """Create and bind to a new queue."""
  *         self.user_callback = user_callback             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *         self.qh = nfq_create_queue(self.h, queue_num, <nfq_callback*>global_callback, <void*>self)
- *         if self.qh == NULL:
+ *         self.qh = nfq_create_queue(self.h, queue_num,
+ *                                    <nfq_callback*>global_callback, <void*>self)
  */
   __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_v_user_callback);
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(__pyx_v_user_callback);
@@ -2621,18 +2804,18 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_2bind(PyObject *__py
   __Pyx_DECREF(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_self)->user_callback);
   ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_self)->user_callback = __pyx_v_user_callback;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":142
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":149
  *         """Create and bind to a new queue."""
  *         self.user_callback = user_callback
- *         self.qh = nfq_create_queue(self.h, queue_num, <nfq_callback*>global_callback, <void*>self)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         self.qh = nfq_create_queue(self.h, queue_num,             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *                                    <nfq_callback*>global_callback, <void*>self)
  *         if self.qh == NULL:
- *             raise OSError("Failed to create queue %s." % queue_num)
  */
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":143
- *         self.user_callback = user_callback
- *         self.qh = nfq_create_queue(self.h, queue_num, <nfq_callback*>global_callback, <void*>self)
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":151
+ *         self.qh = nfq_create_queue(self.h, queue_num,
+ *                                    <nfq_callback*>global_callback, <void*>self)
  *         if self.qh == NULL:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *             raise OSError("Failed to create queue %s." % queue_num)
  * 
@@ -2640,34 +2823,34 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_2bind(PyObject *__py
   __pyx_t_1 = (((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_self)->qh == NULL);
   if (__pyx_t_1) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":144
- *         self.qh = nfq_create_queue(self.h, queue_num, <nfq_callback*>global_callback, <void*>self)
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":152
+ *                                    <nfq_callback*>global_callback, <void*>self)
  *         if self.qh == NULL:
  *             raise OSError("Failed to create queue %s." % queue_num)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *         if range > MaxCopySize:
  */
-    __pyx_t_2 = PyInt_FromLong(__pyx_v_queue_num); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 144; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_2 = PyInt_FromLong(__pyx_v_queue_num); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 152; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_2);
-    __pyx_t_3 = PyNumber_Remainder(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_12), __pyx_t_2); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 144; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_3 = PyNumber_Remainder(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_12), __pyx_t_2); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 152; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3));
     __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_2); __pyx_t_2 = 0;
-    __pyx_t_2 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 144; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_2 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 152; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_2));
     PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_t_2, 0, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3));
     __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_3));
     __pyx_t_3 = 0;
-    __pyx_t_3 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_2), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 144; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_3 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_2), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 152; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_3);
     __Pyx_DECREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_2)); __pyx_t_2 = 0;
     __Pyx_Raise(__pyx_t_3, 0, 0, 0);
     __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_3); __pyx_t_3 = 0;
-    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 144; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 152; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     goto __pyx_L6;
   }
   __pyx_L6:;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":146
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":154
  *             raise OSError("Failed to create queue %s." % queue_num)
  * 
  *         if range > MaxCopySize:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2677,7 +2860,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_2bind(PyObject *__py
   __pyx_t_1 = (__pyx_v_range > 4016);
   if (__pyx_t_1) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":147
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":155
  * 
  *         if range > MaxCopySize:
  *             range = MaxCopySize             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2689,7 +2872,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_2bind(PyObject *__py
   }
   __pyx_L7:;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":148
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":156
  *         if range > MaxCopySize:
  *             range = MaxCopySize
  *         if nfq_set_mode(self.qh, mode, range) < 0:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2699,23 +2882,23 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_2bind(PyObject *__py
   __pyx_t_1 = (nfq_set_mode(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_self)->qh, __pyx_v_mode, __pyx_v_range) < 0);
   if (__pyx_t_1) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":149
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":157
  *             range = MaxCopySize
  *         if nfq_set_mode(self.qh, mode, range) < 0:
  *             raise OSError("Failed to set packet copy mode.")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *         nfq_set_queue_maxlen(self.qh, max_len)
  */
-    __pyx_t_3 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, ((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_14), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 149; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    __pyx_t_3 = PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, ((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_14), NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 157; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_3);
     __Pyx_Raise(__pyx_t_3, 0, 0, 0);
     __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_3); __pyx_t_3 = 0;
-    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 149; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+    {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 157; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
     goto __pyx_L8;
   }
   __pyx_L8:;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":151
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":159
  *             raise OSError("Failed to set packet copy mode.")
  * 
  *         nfq_set_queue_maxlen(self.qh, max_len)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2737,7 +2920,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_2bind(PyObject *__py
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":153
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":161
  *         nfq_set_queue_maxlen(self.qh, max_len)
  * 
  *     def unbind(self):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2753,7 +2936,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_3unbind(PyObject *__
   int __pyx_t_1;
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("unbind");
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":155
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":163
  *     def unbind(self):
  *         """Destroy the queue."""
  *         if self.qh != NULL:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2763,7 +2946,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_3unbind(PyObject *__
   __pyx_t_1 = (((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_self)->qh != NULL);
   if (__pyx_t_1) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":156
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":164
  *         """Destroy the queue."""
  *         if self.qh != NULL:
  *             nfq_destroy_queue(self.qh)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2781,7 +2964,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_3unbind(PyObject *__
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":159
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":167
  *         # See warning about nfq_unbind_pf in __dealloc__ above.
  * 
  *     def run(self):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2800,7 +2983,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_4run(PyObject *__pyx
   int __pyx_t_1;
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("run");
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":161
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":169
  *     def run(self):
  *         """Begin accepting packets."""
  *         cdef int fd = nfq_fd(self.h)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2809,7 +2992,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_4run(PyObject *__pyx
  */
   __pyx_v_fd = nfq_fd(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_self)->h);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":164
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":172
  *         cdef char buf[BufferSize]
  *         cdef int rv
  *         with nogil:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2823,7 +3006,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_4run(PyObject *__pyx
       Py_UNBLOCK_THREADS
       /*try:*/ {
 
-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":165
+        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":173
  *         cdef int rv
  *         with nogil:
  *             rv = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2833,7 +3016,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_4run(PyObject *__pyx
         __pyx_v_rv = recv(__pyx_v_fd, __pyx_v_buf, (sizeof(__pyx_v_buf)), 0);
       }
 
-      /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":164
+      /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":172
  *         cdef char buf[BufferSize]
  *         cdef int rv
  *         with nogil:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2845,7 +3028,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_4run(PyObject *__pyx
       }
   }
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":166
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":174
  *         with nogil:
  *             rv = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0)
  *         while rv >= 0:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2856,7 +3039,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_4run(PyObject *__pyx
     __pyx_t_1 = (__pyx_v_rv >= 0);
     if (!__pyx_t_1) break;
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":167
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":175
  *             rv = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0)
  *         while rv >= 0:
  *             nfq_handle_packet(self.h, buf, rv)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2865,7 +3048,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_4run(PyObject *__pyx
  */
     nfq_handle_packet(((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue *)__pyx_v_self)->h, __pyx_v_buf, __pyx_v_rv);
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":168
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":176
  *         while rv >= 0:
  *             nfq_handle_packet(self.h, buf, rv)
  *             with nogil:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2879,7 +3062,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_4run(PyObject *__pyx
         Py_UNBLOCK_THREADS
         /*try:*/ {
 
-          /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":169
+          /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":177
  *             nfq_handle_packet(self.h, buf, rv)
  *             with nogil:
  *                 rv = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2889,7 +3072,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_4run(PyObject *__pyx
           __pyx_v_rv = recv(__pyx_v_fd, __pyx_v_buf, (sizeof(__pyx_v_buf)), 0);
         }
 
-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":168
+        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":176
  *         while rv >= 0:
  *             nfq_handle_packet(self.h, buf, rv)
  *             with nogil:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2915,6 +3098,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_tp_new_14netfilterqueue_Packet(PyTypeObject *t, PyObject
   if (!o) return 0;
   p = ((struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)o);
   p->__pyx_vtab = __pyx_vtabptr_14netfilterqueue_Packet;
+  p->_given_payload = ((PyObject*)Py_None); Py_INCREF(Py_None);
   if (__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet___cinit__(o, __pyx_empty_tuple, NULL) < 0) {
     Py_DECREF(o); o = 0;
   }
@@ -2922,9 +3106,29 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_tp_new_14netfilterqueue_Packet(PyTypeObject *t, PyObject
 }
 
 static void __pyx_tp_dealloc_14netfilterqueue_Packet(PyObject *o) {
+  struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *p = (struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)o;
+  Py_XDECREF(((PyObject *)p->_given_payload));
   (*Py_TYPE(o)->tp_free)(o);
 }
 
+static int __pyx_tp_traverse_14netfilterqueue_Packet(PyObject *o, visitproc v, void *a) {
+  int e;
+  struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *p = (struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)o;
+  if (p->_given_payload) {
+    e = (*v)(p->_given_payload, a); if (e) return e;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int __pyx_tp_clear_14netfilterqueue_Packet(PyObject *o) {
+  struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *p = (struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *)o;
+  PyObject* tmp;
+  tmp = ((PyObject*)p->_given_payload);
+  p->_given_payload = ((PyObject*)Py_None); Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+  Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+  return 0;
+}
+
 static PyObject *__pyx_getprop_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_id(PyObject *o, void *x) {
   return __pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_2id___get__(o);
 }
@@ -2945,9 +3149,10 @@ static PyMethodDef __pyx_methods_14netfilterqueue_Packet[] = {
   {__Pyx_NAMESTR("get_payload"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_2get_payload, METH_NOARGS, __Pyx_DOCSTR(__pyx_doc_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_2get_payload)},
   {__Pyx_NAMESTR("get_payload_len"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_3get_payload_len, METH_NOARGS, __Pyx_DOCSTR(0)},
   {__Pyx_NAMESTR("get_timestamp"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_4get_timestamp, METH_NOARGS, __Pyx_DOCSTR(0)},
-  {__Pyx_NAMESTR("set_mark"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_5set_mark, METH_O, __Pyx_DOCSTR(0)},
-  {__Pyx_NAMESTR("accept"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_6accept, METH_NOARGS, __Pyx_DOCSTR(__pyx_doc_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_6accept)},
-  {__Pyx_NAMESTR("drop"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7drop, METH_NOARGS, __Pyx_DOCSTR(__pyx_doc_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7drop)},
+  {__Pyx_NAMESTR("set_payload"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_5set_payload, METH_O, __Pyx_DOCSTR(__pyx_doc_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_5set_payload)},
+  {__Pyx_NAMESTR("set_mark"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_6set_mark, METH_O, __Pyx_DOCSTR(0)},
+  {__Pyx_NAMESTR("accept"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7accept, METH_NOARGS, __Pyx_DOCSTR(__pyx_doc_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_7accept)},
+  {__Pyx_NAMESTR("drop"), (PyCFunction)__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_8drop, METH_NOARGS, __Pyx_DOCSTR(__pyx_doc_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_8drop)},
   {0, 0, 0, 0}
 };
 
@@ -3081,10 +3286,10 @@ static PyTypeObject __pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_Packet = {
   0, /*tp_getattro*/
   0, /*tp_setattro*/
   &__pyx_tp_as_buffer_Packet, /*tp_as_buffer*/
-  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES|Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /*tp_flags*/
-  __Pyx_DOCSTR("A packet received from QueueHandler."), /*tp_doc*/
-  0, /*tp_traverse*/
-  0, /*tp_clear*/
+  Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT|Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES|Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER|Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE|Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, /*tp_flags*/
+  __Pyx_DOCSTR("A packet received from NetfilterQueue."), /*tp_doc*/
+  __pyx_tp_traverse_14netfilterqueue_Packet, /*tp_traverse*/
+  __pyx_tp_clear_14netfilterqueue_Packet, /*tp_clear*/
   0, /*tp_richcompare*/
   0, /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
   0, /*tp_iter*/
@@ -3517,12 +3722,13 @@ static __Pyx_StringTabEntry __pyx_string_tab[] = {
   {&__pyx_n_s__queue_num, __pyx_k__queue_num, sizeof(__pyx_k__queue_num), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__range, __pyx_k__range, sizeof(__pyx_k__range), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__set_mark, __pyx_k__set_mark, sizeof(__pyx_k__set_mark), 0, 0, 1, 1},
+  {&__pyx_n_s__set_payload, __pyx_k__set_payload, sizeof(__pyx_k__set_payload), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {&__pyx_n_s__user_callback, __pyx_k__user_callback, sizeof(__pyx_k__user_callback), 0, 0, 1, 1},
   {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
 };
 static int __Pyx_InitCachedBuiltins(void) {
-  __pyx_builtin_OSError = __Pyx_GetName(__pyx_b, __pyx_n_s__OSError); if (!__pyx_builtin_OSError) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 61; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  __pyx_builtin_RuntimeWarning = __Pyx_GetName(__pyx_b, __pyx_n_s__RuntimeWarning); if (!__pyx_builtin_RuntimeWarning) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 68; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_builtin_OSError = __Pyx_GetName(__pyx_b, __pyx_n_s__OSError); if (!__pyx_builtin_OSError) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 62; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_builtin_RuntimeWarning = __Pyx_GetName(__pyx_b, __pyx_n_s__RuntimeWarning); if (!__pyx_builtin_RuntimeWarning) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 69; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   return 0;
   __pyx_L1_error:;
   return -1;
@@ -3532,70 +3738,70 @@ static int __Pyx_InitCachedConstants(void) {
   __Pyx_RefNannyDeclarations
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("__Pyx_InitCachedConstants");
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":61
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":62
  *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)
  *         if self.payload_len < 0:
  *             raise OSError("Failed to get payload of packet.")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *         nfq_get_timestamp(self._nfa, &self.timestamp)
  */
-  __pyx_k_tuple_4 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_4)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 61; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_k_tuple_4 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_4)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 62; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_4));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_3));
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_4, 0, ((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_3));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_3));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_4));
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":68
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":69
  *         """Call appropriate set_verdict... function on packet."""
  *         if self._verdict_is_set:
  *             raise RuntimeWarning("Verdict already given for this packet.")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
- *         if self._mark_is_set:
+ *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0
  */
-  __pyx_k_tuple_6 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_6)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 68; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_k_tuple_6 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_6)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 69; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_6));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_5));
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_6, 0, ((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_5));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_5));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_6));
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":125
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":130
  *         self.h = nfq_open()
  *         if self.h == NULL:
  *             raise OSError("Failed to open NFQueue.")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         nfq_unbind_pf(self.h, self.af) # This does NOT kick out previous
  *             # running queues
  */
-  __pyx_k_tuple_8 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_8)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 125; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_k_tuple_8 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_8)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 130; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_8));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_7));
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_8, 0, ((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_7));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_7));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_8));
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":149
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":157
  *             range = MaxCopySize
  *         if nfq_set_mode(self.qh, mode, range) < 0:
  *             raise OSError("Failed to set packet copy mode.")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *         nfq_set_queue_maxlen(self.qh, max_len)
  */
-  __pyx_k_tuple_14 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_14)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 149; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_k_tuple_14 = PyTuple_New(1); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_14)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 157; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_14));
   __Pyx_INCREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_13));
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_14, 0, ((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_13));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_13));
   __Pyx_GIVEREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_14));
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":8
- * License: GPL
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":9
  * """
+ * from libc.string cimport strlen
  * VERSION = (0, 3, 0)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  * # Constants for module users
  */
-  __pyx_k_tuple_16 = PyTuple_New(3); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_16)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 8; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_k_tuple_16 = PyTuple_New(3); if (unlikely(!__pyx_k_tuple_16)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 9; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_16));
   __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_int_0);
   PyTuple_SET_ITEM(__pyx_k_tuple_16, 0, __pyx_int_0);
@@ -3829,240 +4035,241 @@ PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_netfilterqueue(void)
   __pyx_vtable_14netfilterqueue_Packet.verdict = (void (*)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, u_int8_t))__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict;
   __pyx_vtable_14netfilterqueue_Packet.get_payload_len = (Py_ssize_t (*)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch))__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_get_payload_len;
   __pyx_vtable_14netfilterqueue_Packet.get_timestamp = (double (*)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch))__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_get_timestamp;
+  __pyx_vtable_14netfilterqueue_Packet.set_payload = (PyObject *(*)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, PyObject *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch))__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_payload;
   __pyx_vtable_14netfilterqueue_Packet.set_mark = (PyObject *(*)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, u_int32_t, int __pyx_skip_dispatch))__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_mark;
   __pyx_vtable_14netfilterqueue_Packet.accept = (PyObject *(*)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch))__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_accept;
   __pyx_vtable_14netfilterqueue_Packet.drop = (PyObject *(*)(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilterqueue_Packet *, int __pyx_skip_dispatch))__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_drop;
-  if (PyType_Ready(&__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_Packet) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 34; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (__Pyx_SetVtable(__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_Packet.tp_dict, __pyx_vtabptr_14netfilterqueue_Packet) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 34; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (__Pyx_SetAttrString(__pyx_m, "Packet", (PyObject *)&__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_Packet) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 34; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyType_Ready(&__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_Packet) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 35; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (__Pyx_SetVtable(__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_Packet.tp_dict, __pyx_vtabptr_14netfilterqueue_Packet) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 35; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (__Pyx_SetAttrString(__pyx_m, "Packet", (PyObject *)&__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_Packet) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 35; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __pyx_ptype_14netfilterqueue_Packet = &__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_Packet;
-  if (PyType_Ready(&__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 118; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (__Pyx_SetAttrString(__pyx_m, "NetfilterQueue", (PyObject *)&__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 118; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyType_Ready(&__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 123; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (__Pyx_SetAttrString(__pyx_m, "NetfilterQueue", (PyObject *)&__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 123; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __pyx_ptype_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue = &__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue;
   /*--- Type import code ---*/
   /*--- Variable import code ---*/
   /*--- Function import code ---*/
   /*--- Execution code ---*/
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":8
- * License: GPL
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":9
  * """
+ * from libc.string cimport strlen
  * VERSION = (0, 3, 0)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  * # Constants for module users
  */
-  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__VERSION, ((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_16)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 8; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__VERSION, ((PyObject *)__pyx_k_tuple_16)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 9; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":11
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":12
  * 
  * # Constants for module users
  * COPY_NONE = 1             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * COPY_META = 2
  * COPY_PACKET = 3
  */
-  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__COPY_NONE, __pyx_int_1) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 11; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__COPY_NONE, __pyx_int_1) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 12; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":12
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":13
  * # Constants for module users
  * COPY_NONE = 1
  * COPY_META = 2             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * COPY_PACKET = 3
  * 
  */
-  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__COPY_META, __pyx_int_2) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 12; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__COPY_META, __pyx_int_2) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 13; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":13
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":14
  * COPY_NONE = 1
  * COPY_META = 2
  * COPY_PACKET = 3             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  * DEFAULT_MAX_QUEUELEN = 1024
  */
-  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__COPY_PACKET, __pyx_int_3) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 13; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__COPY_PACKET, __pyx_int_3) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 14; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":15
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":16
  * COPY_PACKET = 3
  * 
  * DEFAULT_MAX_QUEUELEN = 1024             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  * # Packet copying defaults
  */
-  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s_17, __pyx_int_1024) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 15; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s_17, __pyx_int_1024) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 16; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":138
- *         nfq_close(self.h)
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":144
  * 
- *     def bind(self, int queue_num, object user_callback, u_int32_t max_len=DEFAULT_MAX_QUEUELEN,             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *                 u_int8_t mode=NFQNL_COPY_PACKET, u_int32_t range=MaxPacketSize):
- *         """Create and bind to a new queue."""
+ *     def bind(self, int queue_num, object user_callback,
+ *                 u_int32_t max_len=DEFAULT_MAX_QUEUELEN,             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *                 u_int8_t mode=NFQNL_COPY_PACKET,
+ *                 u_int32_t range=MaxPacketSize):
  */
-  __pyx_t_1 = __Pyx_GetName(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s_17); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 138; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = __Pyx_GetName(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s_17); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 144; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_1);
-  __pyx_t_2 = __Pyx_PyInt_from_py_u_int32_t(__pyx_t_1); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_2 == (u_int32_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 138; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_2 = __Pyx_PyInt_from_py_u_int32_t(__pyx_t_1); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_2 == (u_int32_t)-1) && PyErr_Occurred())) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 144; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_1); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":139
- * 
- *     def bind(self, int queue_num, object user_callback, u_int32_t max_len=DEFAULT_MAX_QUEUELEN,
- *                 u_int8_t mode=NFQNL_COPY_PACKET, u_int32_t range=MaxPacketSize):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":145
+ *     def bind(self, int queue_num, object user_callback,
+ *                 u_int32_t max_len=DEFAULT_MAX_QUEUELEN,
+ *                 u_int8_t mode=NFQNL_COPY_PACKET,             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *                 u_int32_t range=MaxPacketSize):
  *         """Create and bind to a new queue."""
- *         self.user_callback = user_callback
  */
   __pyx_k_11 = NFQNL_COPY_PACKET;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":171
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":179
  *                 rv = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0)
  * 
  * PROTOCOLS = {             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *     0: "HOPOPT",
  *     1: "ICMP",
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-  __pyx_t_1 = PyDict_New(); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 171; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  __pyx_t_1 = PyDict_New(); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_GOTREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1));
-  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_0, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__HOPOPT)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 171; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_1, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__ICMP)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 171; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_2, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__IGMP)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 171; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_3, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__GGP)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 171; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_4, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__IP)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 171; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_5, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__ST)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 171; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_6, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__TCP)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 171; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
-  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_7, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__CBT)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 171; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
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+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_129, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__IPLT)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_130, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__SPS)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_131, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__PIPE)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_132, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__SCTP)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_133, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__FC)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_134, ((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_57)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_135, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__Mobility)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_136, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__UDPLite)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_137, ((PyObject *)__pyx_kp_s_58)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_138, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__manet)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_139, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__HIP)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_140, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__Shim6)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyDict_SetItem(__pyx_t_1, __pyx_int_255, ((PyObject *)__pyx_n_s__Reserved)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
+  if (PyObject_SetAttr(__pyx_m, __pyx_n_s__PROTOCOLS, ((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1)) < 0) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[0]; __pyx_lineno = 179; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
   __Pyx_DECREF(((PyObject *)__pyx_t_1)); __pyx_t_1 = 0;
 
   /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":1
@@ -4346,6 +4553,26 @@ bad:
 }
 #endif
 
+static int __Pyx_ArgTypeTest(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *type, int none_allowed,
+    const char *name, int exact)
+{
+    if (!type) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "Missing type object");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (none_allowed && obj == Py_None) return 1;
+    else if (exact) {
+        if (Py_TYPE(obj) == type) return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, type)) return 1;
+    }
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+        "Argument '%s' has incorrect type (expected %s, got %s)",
+        name, type->tp_name, Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static void __Pyx_RaiseDoubleKeywordsError(
     const char* func_name,
     PyObject* kw_name)
diff --git a/netfilterqueue.pxd b/netfilterqueue.pxd
index 4916938..92262f3 100644
--- a/netfilterqueue.pxd
+++ b/netfilterqueue.pxd
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ cdef class Packet:
         # false otherwise
     cdef bint _mark_is_set # True if a mark has been given, false otherwise
     cdef u_int32_t _given_mark # Mark given to packet
-    cdef unsigned char *_given_payload # New payload of packet, or null
+    cdef bytes _given_payload # New payload of packet, or null
     
     # From NFQ packet header:
     cdef readonly u_int32_t id
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ cdef class Packet:
     cdef void verdict(self, u_int8_t verdict)
     cpdef Py_ssize_t get_payload_len(self)
     cpdef double get_timestamp(self)
+    cpdef set_payload(self, bytes payload)
     cpdef set_mark(self, u_int32_t mark)
     cpdef accept(self)
     cpdef drop(self)
diff --git a/netfilterqueue.pyx b/netfilterqueue.pyx
index 0bb769e..5c93a9b 100644
--- a/netfilterqueue.pyx
+++ b/netfilterqueue.pyx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ function.
 Copyright: (c) 2011, Kerkhoff Technologies Inc.
 License: MIT; see LICENSE.txt
 """
+from libc.string cimport strlen
 VERSION = (0, 3, 0)
 
 # Constants for module users
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ cdef class Packet:
     def __cinit__(self):
         self._verdict_is_set = False
         self._mark_is_set = False
-        self._given_payload = NULL
+        self._given_payload = None
     
     def __str__(self):
         cdef iphdr *hdr = <iphdr*>self.payload
@@ -66,7 +67,12 @@ cdef class Packet:
         """Call appropriate set_verdict... function on packet."""
         if self._verdict_is_set:
             raise RuntimeWarning("Verdict already given for this packet.")
-        
+
+        cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0
+        cdef unsigned char *modified_payload = NULL        
+        if self._given_payload:
+            modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)
+            modified_payload = self._given_payload
         if self._mark_is_set:
             nfq_set_verdict_mark( # TODO: make this use nfq_set_verdict2 if
                                     # available on system
@@ -74,17 +80,15 @@ cdef class Packet:
                 self.id,
                 verdict,
                 htonl(self._given_mark),
-                0, # TODO: adapt to use self._given_payload
-                NULL # TODO: adapt to use self._given_payload
-            )
+                modified_payload_len,
+                modified_payload)
         else:
             nfq_set_verdict(
                 self._qh,
                 self.id,
                 verdict,
-                0, # TODO: adapt to use self._given_payload
-                NULL # TODO: adapt to use self._given_payload
-            )
+                modified_payload_len,
+                modified_payload)
 
         self._verdict_is_set = True
     
@@ -100,10 +104,9 @@ cdef class Packet:
     cpdef double get_timestamp(self):
         return self.timestamp.tv_sec + (self.timestamp.tv_usec/1000000.0)
     
-    # TODO: implement this
-    #cpdef set_payload(self, unsigned char *payload):
-    #    """Set the new payload of this packet."""
-    #    self._given_payload = payload
+    cpdef set_payload(self, bytes payload):
+        """Set the new payload of this packet."""
+        self._given_payload = payload
         
     cpdef set_mark(self, u_int32_t mark):
         self._given_mark = mark