diff --git a/examples/print_and_accept.py b/examples/print_and_accept.py
index 4182629..afad935 100755
--- a/examples/print_and_accept.py
+++ b/examples/print_and_accept.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ from netfilterqueue import NetfilterQueue
 
 def print_and_accept(pkt):
     print(pkt)
+    hw = pkt.get_hw()
+    if hw:
+        print(":".join("{:02x}".format(ord(c)) for c in hw[0:6]))
     pkt.accept()
 
 nfqueue = NetfilterQueue()
diff --git a/netfilterqueue.c b/netfilterqueue.c
index fa4219e..8ab1bb0 100644
--- a/netfilterqueue.c
+++ b/netfilterqueue.c
@@ -967,12 +967,12 @@ static CYTHON_INLINE int __Pyx_CheckKeywordStrings(PyObject *kwdict, const char*
 /* GetModuleGlobalName.proto */
 static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetModuleGlobalName(PyObject *name);
 
-/* IncludeStringH.proto */
-#include <string.h>
-
 /* RaiseException.proto */
 static void __Pyx_Raise(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb, PyObject *cause);
 
+/* IncludeStringH.proto */
+#include <string.h>
+
 /* PyObjectCallNoArg.proto */
 #if CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_CPYTHON
 static CYTHON_INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_CallNoArg(PyObject *func);
@@ -2081,9 +2081,8 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
   PyObject *__pyx_r = NULL;
   __Pyx_RefNannyDeclarations
   u_int8_t __pyx_t_1;
-  u_int8_t *__pyx_t_2;
-  int __pyx_t_3;
-  PyObject *__pyx_t_4 = NULL;
+  int __pyx_t_2;
+  PyObject *__pyx_t_3 = NULL;
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("set_nfq_data", 0);
 
   /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":57
@@ -2100,7 +2099,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  *         self._qh = qh
  *         self._nfa = nfa             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         self._hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(nfa)
- *         self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(nfa)
+ * 
  */
   __pyx_v_self->_nfa = __pyx_v_nfa;
 
@@ -2108,22 +2107,13 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  *         self._qh = qh
  *         self._nfa = nfa
  *         self._hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(nfa)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *         self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(nfa)
- * 
- */
-  __pyx_v_self->_hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(__pyx_v_nfa);
-
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":60
- *         self._nfa = nfa
- *         self._hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(nfa)
- *         self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(nfa)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *         self.id = ntohl(self._hdr.packet_id)
  */
-  __pyx_v_self->_hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(__pyx_v_nfa);
+  __pyx_v_self->_hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(__pyx_v_nfa);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":62
- *         self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(nfa)
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":61
+ *         self._hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(nfa)
  * 
  *         self.id = ntohl(self._hdr.packet_id)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         self.hw_protocol = ntohs(self._hdr.hw_protocol)
@@ -2131,37 +2121,27 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   __pyx_v_self->id = ntohl(__pyx_v_self->_hdr->packet_id);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":63
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":62
  * 
  *         self.id = ntohl(self._hdr.packet_id)
  *         self.hw_protocol = ntohs(self._hdr.hw_protocol)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         self.hook = self._hdr.hook
- *         self.hw_addr = self._hw.hw_addr
+ * 
  */
   __pyx_v_self->hw_protocol = ntohs(__pyx_v_self->_hdr->hw_protocol);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":64
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":63
  *         self.id = ntohl(self._hdr.packet_id)
  *         self.hw_protocol = ntohs(self._hdr.hw_protocol)
  *         self.hook = self._hdr.hook             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- *         self.hw_addr = self._hw.hw_addr
  * 
+ *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)
  */
   __pyx_t_1 = __pyx_v_self->_hdr->hook;
   __pyx_v_self->hook = __pyx_t_1;
 
   /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":65
- *         self.hw_protocol = ntohs(self._hdr.hw_protocol)
  *         self.hook = self._hdr.hook
- *         self.hw_addr = self._hw.hw_addr             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
- * 
- *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)
- */
-  __pyx_t_2 = __pyx_v_self->_hw->hw_addr;
-  memcpy(&(__pyx_v_self->hw_addr[0]), __pyx_t_2, sizeof(__pyx_v_self->hw_addr[0]) * (8 - 0));
-
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":67
- *         self.hw_addr = self._hw.hw_addr
  * 
  *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         if self.payload_len < 0:
@@ -2169,30 +2149,30 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   __pyx_v_self->payload_len = nfq_get_payload(__pyx_v_self->_nfa, (&__pyx_v_self->payload));
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":68
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":66
  * 
  *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)
  *         if self.payload_len < 0:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *             raise OSError("Failed to get payload of packet.")
  * 
  */
-  __pyx_t_3 = ((__pyx_v_self->payload_len < 0) != 0);
-  if (__pyx_t_3) {
+  __pyx_t_2 = ((__pyx_v_self->payload_len < 0) != 0);
+  if (__pyx_t_2) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":69
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":67
  *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)
  *         if self.payload_len < 0:
  *             raise OSError("Failed to get payload of packet.")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *         nfq_get_timestamp(self._nfa, &self.timestamp)
  */
-    __pyx_t_4 = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, __pyx_tuple_, NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_4)) __PYX_ERR(0, 69, __pyx_L1_error)
-    __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_4);
-    __Pyx_Raise(__pyx_t_4, 0, 0, 0);
-    __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_4); __pyx_t_4 = 0;
-    __PYX_ERR(0, 69, __pyx_L1_error)
+    __pyx_t_3 = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_OSError, __pyx_tuple_, NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) __PYX_ERR(0, 67, __pyx_L1_error)
+    __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_3);
+    __Pyx_Raise(__pyx_t_3, 0, 0, 0);
+    __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_3); __pyx_t_3 = 0;
+    __PYX_ERR(0, 67, __pyx_L1_error)
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":68
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":66
  * 
  *         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)
  *         if self.payload_len < 0:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2201,7 +2181,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   }
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":71
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":69
  *             raise OSError("Failed to get payload of packet.")
  * 
  *         nfq_get_timestamp(self._nfa, &self.timestamp)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2210,7 +2190,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
  */
   nfq_get_timestamp(__pyx_v_self->_nfa, (&__pyx_v_self->timestamp));
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":72
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":70
  * 
  *         nfq_get_timestamp(self._nfa, &self.timestamp)
  *         self.mark = nfq_get_nfmark(nfa)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2231,7 +2211,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
   __pyx_r = Py_None; __Pyx_INCREF(Py_None);
   goto __pyx_L0;
   __pyx_L1_error:;
-  __Pyx_XDECREF(__pyx_t_4);
+  __Pyx_XDECREF(__pyx_t_3);
   __Pyx_AddTraceback("netfilterqueue.Packet.set_nfq_data", __pyx_clineno, __pyx_lineno, __pyx_filename);
   __pyx_r = 0;
   __pyx_L0:;
@@ -2240,7 +2220,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_set_nfq_data(struct __pyx_obj_
   return __pyx_r;
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":74
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":72
  *         self.mark = nfq_get_nfmark(nfa)
  * 
  *     cdef void verdict(self, u_int8_t verdict):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2258,7 +2238,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
   unsigned char *__pyx_t_4;
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("verdict", 0);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":76
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":74
  *     cdef void verdict(self, u_int8_t verdict):
  *         """Call appropriate set_verdict... function on packet."""
  *         if self._verdict_is_set:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2268,20 +2248,20 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
   __pyx_t_1 = (__pyx_v_self->_verdict_is_set != 0);
   if (__pyx_t_1) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":77
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":75
  *         """Call appropriate set_verdict... function on packet."""
  *         if self._verdict_is_set:
  *             raise RuntimeWarning("Verdict already given for this packet.")             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  * 
  *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0
  */
-    __pyx_t_2 = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_RuntimeWarning, __pyx_tuple__2, NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 77, __pyx_L1_error)
+    __pyx_t_2 = __Pyx_PyObject_Call(__pyx_builtin_RuntimeWarning, __pyx_tuple__2, NULL); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 75, __pyx_L1_error)
     __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_2);
     __Pyx_Raise(__pyx_t_2, 0, 0, 0);
     __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_2); __pyx_t_2 = 0;
-    __PYX_ERR(0, 77, __pyx_L1_error)
+    __PYX_ERR(0, 75, __pyx_L1_error)
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":76
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":74
  *     cdef void verdict(self, u_int8_t verdict):
  *         """Call appropriate set_verdict... function on packet."""
  *         if self._verdict_is_set:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2290,7 +2270,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
  */
   }
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":79
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":77
  *             raise RuntimeWarning("Verdict already given for this packet.")
  * 
  *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2299,7 +2279,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
  */
   __pyx_v_modified_payload_len = 0;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":80
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":78
  * 
  *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0
  *         cdef unsigned char *modified_payload = NULL             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2308,7 +2288,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
  */
   __pyx_v_modified_payload = NULL;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":81
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":79
  *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0
  *         cdef unsigned char *modified_payload = NULL
  *         if self._given_payload:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2318,7 +2298,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
   __pyx_t_1 = (__pyx_v_self->_given_payload != Py_None) && (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(__pyx_v_self->_given_payload) != 0);
   if (__pyx_t_1) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":82
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":80
  *         cdef unsigned char *modified_payload = NULL
  *         if self._given_payload:
  *             modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2329,23 +2309,23 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
     __Pyx_INCREF(__pyx_t_2);
     if (unlikely(__pyx_t_2 == Py_None)) {
       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "object of type 'NoneType' has no len()");
-      __PYX_ERR(0, 82, __pyx_L1_error)
+      __PYX_ERR(0, 80, __pyx_L1_error)
     }
-    __pyx_t_3 = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(__pyx_t_2); if (unlikely(__pyx_t_3 == -1)) __PYX_ERR(0, 82, __pyx_L1_error)
+    __pyx_t_3 = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(__pyx_t_2); if (unlikely(__pyx_t_3 == -1)) __PYX_ERR(0, 80, __pyx_L1_error)
     __Pyx_DECREF(__pyx_t_2); __pyx_t_2 = 0;
     __pyx_v_modified_payload_len = __pyx_t_3;
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":83
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":81
  *         if self._given_payload:
  *             modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)
  *             modified_payload = self._given_payload             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         if self._mark_is_set:
  *             nfq_set_verdict2(
  */
-    __pyx_t_4 = __Pyx_PyObject_AsUString(__pyx_v_self->_given_payload); if (unlikely((!__pyx_t_4) && PyErr_Occurred())) __PYX_ERR(0, 83, __pyx_L1_error)
+    __pyx_t_4 = __Pyx_PyObject_AsUString(__pyx_v_self->_given_payload); if (unlikely((!__pyx_t_4) && PyErr_Occurred())) __PYX_ERR(0, 81, __pyx_L1_error)
     __pyx_v_modified_payload = __pyx_t_4;
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":81
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":79
  *         cdef u_int32_t modified_payload_len = 0
  *         cdef unsigned char *modified_payload = NULL
  *         if self._given_payload:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2354,7 +2334,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
  */
   }
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":84
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":82
  *             modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)
  *             modified_payload = self._given_payload
  *         if self._mark_is_set:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2364,7 +2344,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
   __pyx_t_1 = (__pyx_v_self->_mark_is_set != 0);
   if (__pyx_t_1) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":85
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":83
  *             modified_payload = self._given_payload
  *         if self._mark_is_set:
  *             nfq_set_verdict2(             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2373,7 +2353,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
  */
     nfq_set_verdict2(__pyx_v_self->_qh, __pyx_v_self->id, __pyx_v_verdict, __pyx_v_self->_given_mark, __pyx_v_modified_payload_len, __pyx_v_modified_payload);
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":84
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":82
  *             modified_payload_len = len(self._given_payload)
  *             modified_payload = self._given_payload
  *         if self._mark_is_set:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2383,7 +2363,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
     goto __pyx_L5;
   }
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":93
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":91
  *                 modified_payload)
  *         else:
  *             nfq_set_verdict(             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2392,7 +2372,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
  */
   /*else*/ {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":98
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":96
  *                 verdict,
  *                 modified_payload_len,
  *                 modified_payload)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2403,7 +2383,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
   }
   __pyx_L5:;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":100
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":98
  *                 modified_payload)
  * 
  *         self._verdict_is_set = True             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2412,7 +2392,7 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
  */
   __pyx_v_self->_verdict_is_set = 1;
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":74
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":72
  *         self.mark = nfq_get_nfmark(nfa)
  * 
  *     cdef void verdict(self, u_int8_t verdict):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -2429,12 +2409,12 @@ static void __pyx_f_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_verdict(struct __pyx_obj_14netfilte
   __Pyx_RefNannyFinishContext();
 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":102
+/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":100
  *         self._verdict_is_set = True
  * 
  *     def get_hw(self):             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         """Return the hardware address as Python string."""
- *         cdef object py_string
+ *         self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(self._nfa)
  */
 
 /* Python wrapper */
@@ -2456,11 +2436,62 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_4get_hw(struct __pyx_obj_14ne
   PyObject *__pyx_r = NULL;
   __Pyx_RefNannyDeclarations
   int __pyx_t_1;
-  PyObject *__pyx_t_2 = NULL;
+  u_int8_t *__pyx_t_2;
+  PyObject *__pyx_t_3 = NULL;
   __Pyx_RefNannySetupContext("get_hw", 0);
 
-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":105
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":102
+ *     def get_hw(self):
  *         """Return the hardware address as Python string."""
+ *         self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(self._nfa)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         if self._hw == NULL:
+ *             # nfq_get_packet_hw doesn't work on OUTPUT and PREROUTING chains
+ */
+  __pyx_v_self->_hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(__pyx_v_self->_nfa);
+
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":103
+ *         """Return the hardware address as Python string."""
+ *         self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(self._nfa)
+ *         if self._hw == NULL:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *             # nfq_get_packet_hw doesn't work on OUTPUT and PREROUTING chains
+ *             return None
+ */
+  __pyx_t_1 = ((__pyx_v_self->_hw == NULL) != 0);
+  if (__pyx_t_1) {
+
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":105
+ *         if self._hw == NULL:
+ *             # nfq_get_packet_hw doesn't work on OUTPUT and PREROUTING chains
+ *             return None             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         self.hw_addr = self._hw.hw_addr
+ *         cdef object py_string
+ */
+    __Pyx_XDECREF(__pyx_r);
+    __Pyx_INCREF(Py_None);
+    __pyx_r = Py_None;
+    goto __pyx_L0;
+
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":103
+ *         """Return the hardware address as Python string."""
+ *         self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(self._nfa)
+ *         if self._hw == NULL:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *             # nfq_get_packet_hw doesn't work on OUTPUT and PREROUTING chains
+ *             return None
+ */
+  }
+
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":106
+ *             # nfq_get_packet_hw doesn't work on OUTPUT and PREROUTING chains
+ *             return None
+ *         self.hw_addr = self._hw.hw_addr             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+ *         cdef object py_string
+ *         if cpython.version.PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3:
+ */
+  __pyx_t_2 = __pyx_v_self->_hw->hw_addr;
+  memcpy(&(__pyx_v_self->hw_addr[0]), __pyx_t_2, sizeof(__pyx_v_self->hw_addr[0]) * (8 - 0));
+
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":108
+ *         self.hw_addr = self._hw.hw_addr
  *         cdef object py_string
  *         if cpython.version.PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3:             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *             py_string = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(<char*>self.hw_addr, 8)
@@ -2469,29 +2500,29 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_6Packet_4get_hw(struct __pyx_obj_14ne
   __pyx_t_1 = ((PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3) != 0);
   if (__pyx_t_1) {
 
-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":106
+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":109
  *         cdef object py_string
  *         if cpython.version.PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3:
  *             py_string = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(<char*>self.hw_addr, 8)             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
  *         else:
  *             py_string = PyString_FromStringAndSize(<char*>self.hw_addr, 8)
  */
-    __pyx_t_2 = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(((char *)__pyx_v_self->hw_addr), 8); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 106, __pyx_L1_error)
-    __Pyx_GOTREF(__pyx_t_2);
-    __pyx_v_py_string = __pyx_t_2;
-    __pyx_t_2 = 0;
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+    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":217
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     __pyx_t_5 = ((__pyx_v_rv >= 0) != 0);
     if (__pyx_t_5) {
 
-      /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":215
+      /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":218
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       nfq_handle_packet(__pyx_v_self->h, __pyx_v_buf, __pyx_v_rv);
 
-      /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":214
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-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":217
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-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":218
+        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":221
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-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":217
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":203
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 }
 
-/* "netfilterqueue.pyx":220
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":222
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-    /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":223
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-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":224
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-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":226
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@@ -5023,17 +5054,17 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_12run_socket(struct
         __pyx_t_7 = ((__pyx_v_rv >= 0) != 0);
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-          /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":227
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-          /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":226
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@@ -5043,7 +5074,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_12run_socket(struct
           goto __pyx_L13;
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-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":229
+        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":232
  *                     nfq_handle_packet(self.h, buf, rv)
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@@ -5072,60 +5103,60 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_12run_socket(struct
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-      /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":230
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-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":231
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-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":232
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-          /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":233
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@@ -5134,7 +5165,7 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_12run_socket(struct
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-          /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":232
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@@ -5143,35 +5174,35 @@ static PyObject *__pyx_pf_14netfilterqueue_14NetfilterQueue_12run_socket(struct
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-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":234
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-          /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":237
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-          /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":234
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-        /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":240
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-      /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":223
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-  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":224
+  /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":227
  *         while True:
  *             try:
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  *                 rv = len(buf)
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@@ -6081,9 +6112,9 @@ PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_netfilterqueue(void)
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-  if (PyType_Ready(&__pyx_type_14netfilterqueue_NetfilterQueue) < 0) __PYX_ERR(0, 148, __pyx_L1_error)
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   /*--- Type import code ---*/
   /*--- Variable import code ---*/
@@ -6141,7 +6172,7 @@ PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_netfilterqueue(void)
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  *                 u_int32_t max_len=DEFAULT_MAX_QUEUELEN,
  *                 u_int8_t mode=NFQNL_COPY_PACKET,             # <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
@@ -6150,158 +6181,158 @@ PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_netfilterqueue(void)
  */
   __pyx_k__4 = NFQNL_COPY_PACKET;
 
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   /* "netfilterqueue.pyx":1
diff --git a/netfilterqueue.pyx b/netfilterqueue.pyx
index 5a9ef1d..1f3f20f 100644
--- a/netfilterqueue.pyx
+++ b/netfilterqueue.pyx
@@ -57,12 +57,10 @@ cdef class Packet:
         self._qh = qh
         self._nfa = nfa
         self._hdr = nfq_get_msg_packet_hdr(nfa)
-        self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(nfa)
 
         self.id = ntohl(self._hdr.packet_id)
         self.hw_protocol = ntohs(self._hdr.hw_protocol)
         self.hook = self._hdr.hook
-        self.hw_addr = self._hw.hw_addr
 
         self.payload_len = nfq_get_payload(self._nfa, &self.payload)
         if self.payload_len < 0:
@@ -101,6 +99,11 @@ cdef class Packet:
 
     def get_hw(self):
         """Return the hardware address as Python string."""
+        self._hw = nfq_get_packet_hw(self._nfa)
+        if self._hw == NULL:
+            # nfq_get_packet_hw doesn't work on OUTPUT and PREROUTING chains
+            return None
+        self.hw_addr = self._hw.hw_addr
         cdef object py_string
         if cpython.version.PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3:
             py_string = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(<char*>self.hw_addr, 8)