/*

Copyright (C) 2017 Sergej Schumilo

This file is part of QEMU-PT (kAFL).

QEMU-PT is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

QEMU-PT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with QEMU-PT.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

*/

#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include <linux/kvm.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include "qemu-common.h"
#include "exec/memory.h"
#include "qemu/main-loop.h"


#include "sysemu/kvm_int.h"
#include "sysemu/runstate.h"
#include "sysemu/kvm_int.h"
#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
#include "sysemu/cpus.h"

#include "sysemu/hw_accel.h"


#include "nyx/pt.h"
#include "nyx/hypercall/hypercall.h"
#include "nyx/memory_access.h"
#include "nyx/interface.h"
#include "nyx/debug.h"
#include "nyx/synchronization.h"
#include "nyx/fast_vm_reload.h"
#include "nyx/kvm_nested.h"
#include "nyx/state/state.h"
#include "sysemu/runstate.h"
#include "nyx/helpers.h"
#include "nyx/nested_hypercalls.h"
#include "nyx/fast_vm_reload_sync.h"

#include "nyx/redqueen.h"
#include "nyx/hypercall/configuration.h"
#include "nyx/hypercall/debug.h"

//#define DEBUG_HPRINTF
#define HPRINTF_SIZE	0x1000

bool hypercall_enabled = false;
char hprintf_buffer[HPRINTF_SIZE];

static bool init_state = true;

void skip_init(void){
	init_state = false;
}

bool pt_hypercalls_enabled(void){
	return hypercall_enabled;
}

void pt_setup_enable_hypercalls(void){
	hypercall_enabled = true;
}

void pt_setup_ip_filters(uint8_t filter_id, uint64_t start, uint64_t end){
	nyx_trace();
	if (filter_id < INTEL_PT_MAX_RANGES){

		GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_configured[filter_id] = true;
		GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_a[filter_id] = start;
		GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_b[filter_id] = end;

	}
}

void hypercall_commit_filter(void){
}

bool setup_snapshot_once = false;


bool handle_hypercall_kafl_next_payload(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	//nyx_trace();
/*
	kvm_arch_get_registers(cpu);
	X86CPU *x86_cpu = X86_CPU(cpu);
	CPUX86State *env = &x86_cpu->env;

	printf("%s: exception_injected: %d\n", __func__, env->exception_injected);
*/
	if(hypercall_enabled){
		if (init_state){
			set_state_auxiliary_result_buffer(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, 2);
			//fprintf(stderr, "--------------------\n");
			synchronization_lock();

		} else {

			if (GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->set_agent_config_done == false){
				nyx_abort((char*)"KVM_EXIT_KAFL_SET_AGENT_CONFIG was not called...");
				return false;
			}

			if(!setup_snapshot_once){ 
				//pt_reset_bitmap();


				coverage_bitmap_reset();
				request_fast_vm_reload(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->reload_state, REQUEST_SAVE_SNAPSHOT_ROOT_FIX_RIP);
				setup_snapshot_once = true;

				for(int i = 0; i < INTEL_PT_MAX_RANGES; i++){
					//printf("=> %d\n", i);
					//if(filter_enabled[i]){
					if(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_configured[i]){
						pt_enable_ip_filtering(cpu, i, true, false);
					}
				}
				pt_init_decoder(cpu);

				request_fast_vm_reload(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->reload_state, REQUEST_LOAD_SNAPSHOT_ROOT);

				//printf("DONE!\n");
				/*
				qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
				nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "...GOOOOOO!!!!");
				fast_reload_restore(get_fast_reload_snapshot());
				nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "...DONE!!!!");
				qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
				*/
				GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->in_fuzzing_mode = true;
				set_state_auxiliary_result_buffer(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, 3);

				//sigprof_enabled = true;
				//reset_timeout_detector(&GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->timeout_detector);
			}
			else{
				//set_illegal_payload();
				synchronization_lock();
				reset_timeout_detector(&GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->timeout_detector);
				GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->in_fuzzing_mode = true;


				//printf("RIP => %lx\n", get_rip(cpu));
				return true;
			}
		}
	}
	return false;
}

bool acquire_print_once_bool = true;
bool release_print_once_bool = true;

static void acquire_print_once(CPUState *cpu){
	if(acquire_print_once_bool){
		acquire_print_once_bool = false;
		kvm_arch_get_registers(cpu);
		//X86CPU *x86_cpu = X86_CPU(cpu);
		//CPUX86State *env = &x86_cpu->env;
		nyx_debug("handle_hypercall_kafl_acquire at:%lx\n", get_rip(cpu));
		//disassemble_at_rip(STDERR_FILENO, get_rip(cpu), cpu, env->cr[3]);
	}
}

void handle_hypercall_kafl_acquire(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	//return;
	if(hypercall_enabled){
		if (!init_state){
			acquire_print_once(cpu);
			//init_det_filter();
			synchronization_enter_fuzzing_loop(cpu);
			/*
			if (pt_enable(cpu, false) == 0){
				cpu->pt_enabled = true;
			}
			*/
		}
	}
}

static void handle_hypercall_get_payload(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	nyx_trace();

	if(is_called_in_fuzzing_mode("KVM_EXIT_KAFL_GET_PAYLOAD")){
		return;
	}

	if (GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->get_host_config_done == false){
		nyx_abort((char*)"KVM_EXIT_KAFL_GET_HOST_CONFIG was not called...");
		return;
	}

	if(hypercall_enabled && !setup_snapshot_once){
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Payload Address:\t%lx", hypercall_arg);
			kvm_arch_get_registers(cpu);	
			CPUX86State *env = &(X86_CPU(cpu))->env;
			GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->parent_cr3 = env->cr[3] & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000ULL;
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Payload CR3:\t%lx", (uint64_t)GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->parent_cr3 );
			//print_48_pagetables(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->parent_cr3);

			if(hypercall_arg&0xFFF){
				fprintf(stderr, "[QEMU-Nyx] Error: Payload buffer is not page-aligned! (0x%lx)\n", hypercall_arg);
				abort();
			}

			remap_payload_buffer(hypercall_arg, cpu);
			set_payload_buffer(hypercall_arg);
	}
}

static void set_return_value(CPUState *cpu, uint64_t return_value){
	kvm_arch_get_registers(cpu);	
	CPUX86State *env = &(X86_CPU(cpu))->env;
	env->regs[R_EAX] =  return_value;
	kvm_arch_put_registers(cpu, KVM_PUT_RUNTIME_STATE);	
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_req_stream_data(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	static uint8_t req_stream_buffer[0x1000];

	if(is_called_in_fuzzing_mode("HYPERCALL_KAFL_REQ_STREAM_DATA")){
		return;
	}

	kvm_arch_get_registers(cpu);	
	/* address has to be page aligned */
	if((hypercall_arg&0xFFF) != 0){
		nyx_debug("%s: ERROR -> address is not page aligned!\n", __func__);
		set_return_value(cpu, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL);
	}
	else{
		read_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)req_stream_buffer, 0x100, cpu);
		uint64_t bytes = sharedir_request_file(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->sharedir, (const char *)req_stream_buffer, req_stream_buffer);
		if(bytes != 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL){
			write_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)req_stream_buffer, bytes, cpu);
		}
		set_return_value(cpu, bytes);
	}
}

typedef struct req_data_bulk_s{
	char file_name[256];
	uint64_t num_addresses;
	uint64_t addresses[479];
} req_data_bulk_t;

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_req_stream_data_bulk(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	static uint8_t req_stream_buffer[0x1000];
	//static uint64_t addresses[512];
	req_data_bulk_t req_data_bulk_data;

	if(is_called_in_fuzzing_mode("HYPERCALL_KAFL_REQ_STREAM_DATA_BULK")){
		return;
	}

	kvm_arch_get_registers(cpu);	
	/* address has to be page aligned */
	if((hypercall_arg&0xFFF) != 0){
		nyx_debug("%s: ERROR -> address is not page aligned!\n", __func__);
		set_return_value(cpu, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL);
	}
	else{
		uint64_t bytes = 0;
		read_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)&req_data_bulk_data, 0x1000, cpu);

		assert(req_data_bulk_data.num_addresses <= 479);
		for(int i = 0; i < req_data_bulk_data.num_addresses; i++){
			uint64_t ret_val = sharedir_request_file(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->sharedir, (const char *)req_data_bulk_data.file_name, req_stream_buffer);
			if(ret_val != 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL){
				bytes += ret_val;
				write_virtual_memory((uint64_t)req_data_bulk_data.addresses[i], (uint8_t*)req_stream_buffer, ret_val, cpu);
			}
			else if(ret_val == 0){
				break;
			}
			else{
				bytes = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL;
				break;
			}
			
		}

		//fprintf(stderr, "%s -> %d\n", __func__, bytes);
		set_return_value(cpu, bytes);
	}
}


static void handle_hypercall_kafl_range_submit(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	uint64_t buffer[3];

	if(is_called_in_fuzzing_mode("KVM_EXIT_KAFL_RANGE_SUBMIT")){
		return;
	}

	read_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)&buffer, sizeof(buffer), cpu);

	if(buffer[2] >= 2){
		nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "%s: illegal range=%ld\n", __func__, buffer[2]);
		return;
	}

	if(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_configured[buffer[2]]){
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Ignoring agent-provided address ranges (abort reason: 1) - %ld", buffer[2]);
		return;
	}

	if (buffer[0] != 0 && buffer[1] != 0 ){
		GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_a[buffer[2]] = buffer[0];
		GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_b[buffer[2]] = buffer[1];
		GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_configured[buffer[2]] = true;
		nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Configuring agent-provided address ranges:");
		nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "\tIP%ld: %lx-%lx [ENABLED]", buffer[2], GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_a[buffer[2]], GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_b[buffer[2]]);
	}
	else{
		nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Ignoring agent-provided address ranges (abort reason: 2)");	
	}

}

static void release_print_once(CPUState *cpu){
	if(release_print_once_bool){
		release_print_once_bool = false;
		kvm_arch_get_registers(cpu);
		//X86CPU *x86_cpu = X86_CPU(cpu);
		//CPUX86State *env = &x86_cpu->env;
		nyx_debug("handle_hypercall_kafl_release at:%lx\n", get_rip(cpu));
		//disassemble_at_rip(STDERR_FILENO, get_rip(cpu), cpu, env->cr[3]);
	}
}

void handle_hypercall_kafl_release(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	//fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", __func__);
	if(hypercall_enabled){
		if (init_state){
			init_state = false;	
		} else {
			//printf(CORE_PREFIX, "Got STARVED notification (num=%llu)\n", hypercall_arg);
			if (hypercall_arg > 0) {
				GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->starved = 1;
			} else {
				GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->starved = 0;
			}

			synchronization_disable_pt(cpu);
			release_print_once(cpu);
		}
	}
}

struct kvm_set_guest_debug_data {
    struct kvm_guest_debug dbg;
    int err;
};

void handle_hypercall_kafl_mtf(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	//assert(false);
	kvm_arch_get_registers_fast(cpu);

	fprintf(stderr, "%s --> %lx\n", __func__, get_rip(cpu));

	kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cpu, KVM_VMX_PT_DISABLE_MTF);

	kvm_remove_all_breakpoints(cpu);
	kvm_insert_breakpoint(cpu, GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->dump_page_addr, 1, 1);
	kvm_update_guest_debug(cpu, 0);

	kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cpu, KVM_VMX_PT_SET_PAGE_DUMP_CR3, GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_c3_filter);
	kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cpu, KVM_VMX_PT_ENABLE_PAGE_DUMP_CR3);
}

void handle_hypercall_kafl_page_dump_bp(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg, uint64_t page){
	//nyx_trace();
	kvm_arch_get_registers_fast(cpu);

	nyx_debug("%s --> %lx\n", __func__, get_rip(cpu));

	kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cpu, KVM_VMX_PT_DISABLE_MTF);

	bool success = false;
	//fprintf(stderr, "page_cache_fetch = %lx\n", page_cache_fetch(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->page_cache, page, &success, false));
	page_cache_fetch(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->page_cache, page, &success, false);
	if(success){

		nyx_debug("%s: SUCCESS: %d\n", __func__, success);
		kvm_remove_all_breakpoints(cpu);
		kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cpu, KVM_VMX_PT_DISABLE_PAGE_DUMP_CR3);

	}
	else{
		nyx_debug("%s: FAIL: %d\n", __func__, success);
		//assert(false);

		kvm_remove_all_breakpoints(cpu);

		kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cpu, KVM_VMX_PT_DISABLE_PAGE_DUMP_CR3);
		kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cpu, KVM_VMX_PT_ENABLE_MTF);
	}

}

static inline void set_page_dump_bp(CPUState *cpu, uint64_t cr3, uint64_t addr){
		
	nyx_debug("\n\n%s %lx %lx\n\n", __func__, cr3, addr);
	kvm_remove_all_breakpoints(cpu);
	kvm_insert_breakpoint(cpu, addr, 1, 1);
	kvm_update_guest_debug(cpu, 0);

	kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cpu, KVM_VMX_PT_SET_PAGE_DUMP_CR3, cr3);
	kvm_vcpu_ioctl(cpu, KVM_VMX_PT_ENABLE_PAGE_DUMP_CR3);
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_cr3(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	if(hypercall_enabled){
		//nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "CR3 address:\t\t%lx", hypercall_arg);
		pt_set_cr3(cpu, hypercall_arg & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000ULL, false);
		if(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->dump_page){
			set_page_dump_bp(cpu, hypercall_arg & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFF000ULL, GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->dump_page_addr);
		}
	}
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_submit_panic(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){

	if(is_called_in_fuzzing_mode("KVM_EXIT_KAFL_SUBMIT_PANIC")){
		return;
	}

	if(hypercall_enabled){
		nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Panic address:\t%lx", hypercall_arg);

		switch (get_current_mem_mode(cpu)){
			case mm_32_protected:    
			case mm_32_paging:
			case mm_32_pae:
				write_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)PANIC_PAYLOAD_32, PAYLOAD_BUFFER_SIZE_32, cpu);
				break;
			case mm_64_l4_paging:
			case mm_64_l5_paging:
				write_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)PANIC_PAYLOAD_64, PAYLOAD_BUFFER_SIZE_64, cpu);
				break;
			default:
				abort();
				break;
		}
	}
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_submit_kasan(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	if(hypercall_enabled){
		nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "kASAN address:\t%lx", hypercall_arg);

		switch (get_current_mem_mode(cpu)){
			case mm_32_protected:    
			case mm_32_paging:
			case mm_32_pae:
				write_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)KASAN_PAYLOAD_32, PAYLOAD_BUFFER_SIZE_32, cpu);
				break;
			case mm_64_l4_paging:
			case mm_64_l5_paging:
				write_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)KASAN_PAYLOAD_64, PAYLOAD_BUFFER_SIZE_64, cpu);
				break;
			default:
				abort();
				break;
		}
	}
}

//#define PANIC_DEBUG

void handle_hypercall_kafl_panic(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	static char reason[1024];
	if(hypercall_enabled){
#ifdef PANIC_DEBUG
		if(hypercall_arg){
			//fprintf(stderr, "Panic in user mode!\n");
			//nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Panic in user mode!");
		} else{
			nyx_debug("Panic in kernel mode!\n");
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Panic in kernel mode!");
			//assert(0);
		}
#endif
		if(fast_reload_snapshot_exists(get_fast_reload_snapshot()) && GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->in_fuzzing_mode){

			if(hypercall_arg & 0x8000000000000000ULL){

				reason[0] = '\x00';

				uint64_t address = hypercall_arg & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFULL;
				uint64_t signal = (hypercall_arg & 0x7800000000000ULL) >> 47;

				snprintf(reason, 1024, "PANIC IN USER MODE (SIG: %d\tat 0x%lx)\n", (uint8_t)signal, address);
				set_crash_reason_auxiliary_buffer(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, reason, strlen(reason));
			}
			else{
				switch(hypercall_arg){
					case 0:
						set_crash_reason_auxiliary_buffer(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, (char*)"PANIC IN KERNEL MODE!\n", strlen("PANIC IN KERNEL MODE!\n"));
						break;
					case 1:
						set_crash_reason_auxiliary_buffer(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, (char*)"PANIC IN USER MODE!\n", strlen("PANIC IN USER MODE!\n"));
						break;
					default:
						set_crash_reason_auxiliary_buffer(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, (char*)"???\n", strlen("???\n"));
						break;
				}

			}
			synchronization_lock_crash_found();
		} else{
			nyx_abort((char*)"Agent has crashed before initializing the fuzzing loop...");
		}
	}
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_create_tmp_snapshot(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	//X86CPU *x86_cpu = X86_CPU(cpu);
	//CPUX86State *env = &x86_cpu->env;
	if(!fast_reload_tmp_created(get_fast_reload_snapshot())){

		/* decode PT data */
		pt_disable(qemu_get_cpu(0), false);

		/*
		kvm_arch_get_registers(cpu);
		kvm_cpu_synchronize_state(cpu);
		//fprintf(stderr, "%s: CREATE at %lx\n", __func__, get_rip(cpu));

		//env->eip -= 3; // vmcall size 
		//kvm_arch_put_registers(cpu, KVM_PUT_FULL_STATE);
		fast_reload_create_tmp_snapshot(get_fast_reload_snapshot());
		//kvm_arch_put_registers(cpu, KVM_PUT_FULL_STATE);

		qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
		fast_reload_restore(get_fast_reload_snapshot());
		qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();

		*/



		request_fast_vm_reload(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->reload_state, REQUEST_SAVE_SNAPSHOT_TMP); //_TMP_FIX_RIP);
					
		set_tmp_snapshot_created(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, 1);
		//handle_hypercall_kafl_acquire(run, cpu);
		//fprintf(stderr, "%s: CREATE DONE at %lx\n", __func__, get_rip(cpu));

		handle_hypercall_kafl_release(run, cpu, hypercall_arg);
	}
	else{
		//fprintf(stderr, "%s: LOAD Continue at %lx\n", __func__, get_rip(cpu));
		//fprintf(stderr, "%s: LOAD at %lx\n", __func__, get_rip(cpu));

		/*
		qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
		fast_reload_restore(get_fast_reload_snapshot());
		qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();

		fprintf(stderr, "%s: LOAD Continue at %lx\n", __func__, get_rip(cpu));
		*/

		//handle_hypercall_kafl_acquire(run, cpu);
	}
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_panic_extended(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
		if(fast_reload_snapshot_exists(get_fast_reload_snapshot()) && GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->in_fuzzing_mode){
			read_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)hprintf_buffer, HPRINTF_SIZE, cpu);
			set_crash_reason_auxiliary_buffer(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, hprintf_buffer, strlen(hprintf_buffer));
			synchronization_lock_crash_found();
		} else{
      		read_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)hprintf_buffer, HPRINTF_SIZE, cpu);
			char* report = NULL;
			assert(asprintf(&report, "Agent has crashed before initializing the fuzzing loop: %s", hprintf_buffer) != -1);
			nyx_abort(report);
		}
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_kasan(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	if(hypercall_enabled){
#ifdef PANIC_DEBUG
		if(hypercall_arg){
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "ASan notification in user mode!");
		} else{
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "ASan notification in kernel mode!");
		}
#endif
		if(fast_reload_snapshot_exists(get_fast_reload_snapshot())){
			synchronization_lock_asan_found();
			//synchronization_stop_vm_kasan(cpu);
		} else{
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "KASAN detected during initialization of stage 1 or stage 2 loader");
			//hypercall_snd_char(KAFL_PROTO_KASAN);
			nyx_debug_p("Protocol - SEND: KAFL_PROTO_KASAN");

		}
	}
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_lock(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){

	if(is_called_in_fuzzing_mode("KVM_EXIT_KAFL_LOCK")){
		return;
	}

	if(!GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->fast_reload_pre_image){
		nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Skipping pre image creation (hint: set pre=on) ...");
		return;
	}

	nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "Creating pre image snapshot <%s> ...", GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->fast_reload_pre_path);

	nyx_debug("Creating pre image snapshot");
	request_fast_vm_reload(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->reload_state, REQUEST_SAVE_SNAPSHOT_PRE);
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_printf(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	read_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)hprintf_buffer, HPRINTF_SIZE, cpu);
#ifdef DEBUG_HPRINTF
	fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", __func__, hprintf_buffer);
#endif
	set_hprintf_auxiliary_buffer(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, hprintf_buffer, strnlen(hprintf_buffer, HPRINTF_SIZE));
	synchronization_lock();
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_user_range_advise(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	
	if(is_called_in_fuzzing_mode("KVM_EXIT_KAFL_USER_RANGE_ADVISE")){
		return;
	}

	kAFL_ranges* buf = malloc(sizeof(kAFL_ranges));

	for(int i = 0; i < INTEL_PT_MAX_RANGES; i++){
		buf->ip[i] = GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_a[i]; 
		buf->size[i] = (GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_b[i]-GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_a[i]);
		buf->enabled[i] = (uint8_t)GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_configured[i];
	}

	write_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t *)buf, sizeof(kAFL_ranges), cpu);
	free(buf);
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_user_submit_mode(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	//printf("%s\n", __func__);

	if(is_called_in_fuzzing_mode("KVM_EXIT_KAFL_USER_SUBMIT_MODE")){
		return;
	}

	switch(hypercall_arg){
		case KAFL_MODE_64:
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "target runs in KAFL_MODE_64 ...");
			GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->disassembler_word_width = 64;
			break;
		case KAFL_MODE_32:
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "target runs in KAFL_MODE_32 ...");
			GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->disassembler_word_width = 32;
			break;
		case KAFL_MODE_16:
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "target runs in KAFL_MODE_16 ...");
			GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->disassembler_word_width = 16;
			abort(); /* not implemented in this version (due to hypertrash hacks) */
			break;
		default:
			nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "target runs in unkown mode...");
			GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->disassembler_word_width = 0;
			abort(); /* not implemented in this version (due to hypertrash hacks) */
			break;
	}
}

bool handle_hypercall_kafl_hook(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	X86CPU *cpux86 = X86_CPU(cpu);
    CPUX86State *env = &cpux86->env;

	for(uint8_t i = 0; i < INTEL_PT_MAX_RANGES; i++){
		if (GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_state && (env->eip >= GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_a[i]) && (env->eip <= GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->pt_ip_filter_b[i])){
			handle_hook(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_state);
			return true;
		}else if (cpu->singlestep_enabled && (GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_state)->singlestep_enabled){
			handle_hook(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_state);
			return true;
    }
	}
	return false;
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_user_abort(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){
	read_virtual_memory(hypercall_arg, (uint8_t*)hprintf_buffer, HPRINTF_SIZE, cpu);
	set_abort_reason_auxiliary_buffer(GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->auxilary_buffer, hprintf_buffer, strlen(hprintf_buffer));
	synchronization_lock();
}

void pt_enable_rqi(CPUState *cpu){
	GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_enable_pending = true;
}

void pt_disable_rqi(CPUState *cpu){
	GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_disable_pending = true;
	GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_instrumentation_mode = REDQUEEN_NO_INSTRUMENTATION;
}

void pt_set_enable_patches_pending(CPUState *cpu){
	GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->patches_enable_pending = true;
}

void pt_set_redqueen_instrumentation_mode(CPUState *cpu, int redqueen_mode){
	GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_instrumentation_mode = redqueen_mode;
}

void pt_set_redqueen_update_blacklist(CPUState *cpu, bool newval){
  assert(!newval || !GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_update_blacklist);
	GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->redqueen_update_blacklist = newval;
}

void pt_set_disable_patches_pending(CPUState *cpu){
	GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->patches_disable_pending = true;
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_dump_file(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg)
{
	kafl_dump_file_t file_obj;
	char filename[256] = {0};
	char* host_path = NULL;
	FILE* f = NULL;

	uint64_t vaddr = hypercall_arg;
	memset((void*)&file_obj, 0, sizeof(kafl_dump_file_t));

	if (!read_virtual_memory(vaddr, (uint8_t*)&file_obj, sizeof(kafl_dump_file_t), cpu)){
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read file_obj in %s. Skipping..\n", __func__);
		goto err_out1;
	}

	if (file_obj.file_name_str_ptr != 0) {
		if (!read_virtual_memory(file_obj.file_name_str_ptr, (uint8_t*)filename, sizeof(filename)-1, cpu)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read file_name_str_ptr in %s. Skipping..\n", __func__);
			goto err_out1;
		}
		filename[sizeof(filename)-1] = 0;
	}
	
	//fprintf(stderr, "%s: dump %lu fbytes from %s (append=%u)\n",
	//	   	__func__, file_obj.bytes, filename, file_obj.append);

	// use a tempfile if file_name_ptr == NULL or points to empty string
	if (0 == strnlen(filename, sizeof(filename))) {
		strncpy(filename, "tmp.XXXXXX", sizeof(filename)-1);
	}

	char *base_name = basename(filename); // clobbers the filename buffer!
	assert(asprintf(&host_path, "%s/dump/%s", GET_GLOBAL_STATE()->workdir_path , base_name) != -1);

	// check if base_name is mkstemp() pattern, otherwise write/append to exact name
	char *pattern = strstr(base_name, "XXXXXX");
	if (pattern) {
		unsigned suffix = strlen(pattern) - strlen("XXXXXX");
		f = fdopen(mkstemps(host_path, suffix), "w+");
		if (file_obj.append) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Warning in %s: Writing unique generated file in append mode?\n", __func__);
		}
	} else {
		if (file_obj.append){
			f = fopen(host_path, "a+");
		} else{
			f = fopen(host_path, "w+");
		}
	}

	if (!f) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Error in %s(%s): %s\n", host_path, __func__, strerror(errno));
		goto err_out1;
	}

	uint32_t pos = 0;
	int32_t bytes = file_obj.bytes;
	void* page = malloc(PAGE_SIZE);
	uint32_t written = 0;

	nyx_debug_p(CORE_PREFIX, "%s: dump %d bytes to %s (append=%u)",
			__func__, bytes, host_path, file_obj.append);

	while (bytes > 0) {

		if (bytes >= PAGE_SIZE) {
			read_virtual_memory(file_obj.data_ptr+pos, (uint8_t*)page, PAGE_SIZE, cpu);
			written = fwrite(page, 1, PAGE_SIZE, f);
		}
		else {
			read_virtual_memory(file_obj.data_ptr+pos, (uint8_t*)page, bytes, cpu);
			written = fwrite(page, 1, bytes, f);
			break;
		}

		if (!written) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Error in %s(%s): %s\n", host_path, __func__, strerror(errno));
			goto err_out2;
		}

		bytes -= written;
		pos += written;

	}


err_out2:
	free(page);
	fclose(f);
err_out1:
	free(host_path);
}

static void handle_hypercall_kafl_persist_page_past_snapshot(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall_arg){

	if(is_called_in_fuzzing_mode("KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PERSIST_PAGE_PAST_SNAPSHOT")){
		return;
	}

	CPUX86State *env = &(X86_CPU(cpu))->env;
	kvm_arch_get_registers_fast(cpu);
	hwaddr phys_addr = (hwaddr) get_paging_phys_addr(cpu, env->cr[3], hypercall_arg&(~0xFFF));
	assert(phys_addr != 0xffffffffffffffffULL);
	fast_reload_blacklist_page(get_fast_reload_snapshot(), phys_addr);
}

int handle_kafl_hypercall(struct kvm_run *run, CPUState *cpu, uint64_t hypercall, uint64_t arg){
	int ret = -1;
	//fprintf(stderr, "%s -> %ld\n", __func__, hypercall);
	switch(hypercall){
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_ACQUIRE:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_ACQUIRE\n");
			handle_hypercall_kafl_acquire(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_GET_PAYLOAD:
			// = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_GET_PAYLOAD\n");
			handle_hypercall_get_payload(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_GET_PROGRAM:
			nyx_abort((char*)"Deprecated hypercall called (HYPERCALL_KAFL_GET_PROGRAM)...");
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_GET_ARGV:
			nyx_abort((char*)"Deprecated hypercall called (HYPERCALL_KAFL_GET_ARGV)...");
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_RELEASE:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_RELEASE\n");
			handle_hypercall_kafl_release(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_SUBMIT_CR3:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_SUBMIT_CR3\n");
			handle_hypercall_kafl_cr3(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_SUBMIT_PANIC:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_SUBMIT_PANIC\n");
			handle_hypercall_kafl_submit_panic(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_SUBMIT_KASAN:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_SUBMIT_KASAN\n");
			handle_hypercall_kafl_submit_kasan(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PANIC:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PANIC\n");
			handle_hypercall_kafl_panic(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_KASAN:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_KASAN\n");
			handle_hypercall_kafl_kasan(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_LOCK:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_LOCK\n");
			handle_hypercall_kafl_lock(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_INFO:
			nyx_abort((char*)"Deprecated hypercall called (HYPERCALL_KAFL_INFO)...");
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_NEXT_PAYLOAD:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;  
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_NEXT_PAYLOAD\n");                                                                                                                                   
			handle_hypercall_kafl_next_payload(run, cpu, arg);                                                                                                                    
			ret = 0;                                                                                                                                                         
			break;						
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PRINTF:			
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PRINTF\n");                                                                                                                                  
			handle_hypercall_kafl_printf(run, cpu, arg);                                                                                                                    
			ret = 0;                                                                                                                                                         
			break;       
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PRINTK_ADDR:   
			nyx_abort((char*)"Deprecated hypercall called (KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PRINTK_ADDR)...");                                                                                                      
			ret = 0;                                                                                                                                                         
			break;			
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PRINTK:      
			nyx_abort((char*)"Deprecated hypercall called (KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PRINTK)...");                                                                                                      
			ret = 0;                                                                                                                                                         
			break;

		/* user space only exit reasons */
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_USER_RANGE_ADVISE:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			handle_hypercall_kafl_user_range_advise(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;  
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_USER_SUBMIT_MODE:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			handle_hypercall_kafl_user_submit_mode(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;  
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_USER_FAST_ACQUIRE:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			if(handle_hypercall_kafl_next_payload(run, cpu, arg)){
					handle_hypercall_kafl_cr3(run, cpu, arg);   
					handle_hypercall_kafl_acquire(run, cpu, arg);
			}
			ret = 0;  
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_TOPA_MAIN_FULL:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//fprintf(stderr, "pt_handle_overflow\n");
			pt_handle_overflow(cpu);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_USER_ABORT:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			handle_hypercall_kafl_user_abort(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;  
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_NESTED_CONFIG:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			handle_hypercall_kafl_nested_config(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_NESTED_PREPARE:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			handle_hypercall_kafl_nested_prepare(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;

		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_NESTED_ACQUIRE:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			handle_hypercall_kafl_nested_acquire(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;

		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_NESTED_RELEASE:
			//timeout_reload_pending = false;
			//KVM_EXIT_KAFL_NESTED_RELEASE_GOTO:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_nested_release(run, cpu, arg);
			//unlock_reload_pending(cpu);
			ret = 0;
			break;

		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_NESTED_HPRINTF:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_nested_hprintf(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;

		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PAGE_DUMP_BP:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_page_dump_bp(run, cpu, arg, run->debug.arch.pc);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_MTF:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_mtf(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_RANGE_SUBMIT:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_range_submit(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case HYPERCALL_KAFL_REQ_STREAM_DATA:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_req_stream_data(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_NESTED_EARLY_RELEASE:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_nested_early_release(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PANIC_EXTENDED:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_panic_extended(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_CREATE_TMP_SNAPSHOT:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_create_tmp_snapshot(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_DEBUG_TMP_SNAPSHOT:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_debug_tmp_snapshot(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_GET_HOST_CONFIG:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_get_host_config(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_SET_AGENT_CONFIG:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_set_agent_config(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_DUMP_FILE:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_dump_file(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_REQ_STREAM_DATA_BULK:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_req_stream_data_bulk(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		case KVM_EXIT_KAFL_PERSIST_PAGE_PAST_SNAPSHOT:
			handle_hypercall_kafl_persist_page_past_snapshot(run, cpu, arg);
			ret = 0;
			break;
	}
	return ret;
}