diff --git a/fuzzers/fuzzbench/src/lib.rs b/fuzzers/fuzzbench/src/lib.rs
index a2d23561ba..06134eafc2 100644
--- a/fuzzers/fuzzbench/src/lib.rs
+++ b/fuzzers/fuzzbench/src/lib.rs
@@ -304,11 +304,12 @@ fn fuzz(
         5,
     )?;
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
     let scheduler = IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler::new(StdWeightedScheduler::with_schedule(
         &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
         Some(PowerSchedule::EXPLORE),
     ));
 
diff --git a/fuzzers/fuzzbench_fork_qemu/src/fuzzer.rs b/fuzzers/fuzzbench_fork_qemu/src/fuzzer.rs
index a5cc74f787..616aae9b33 100644
--- a/fuzzers/fuzzbench_fork_qemu/src/fuzzer.rs
+++ b/fuzzers/fuzzbench_fork_qemu/src/fuzzer.rs
@@ -292,11 +292,12 @@ fn fuzz(
         5,
     )?;
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
     let scheduler = IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler::new(PowerQueueScheduler::new(
         &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
         PowerSchedule::FAST,
     ));
 
diff --git a/fuzzers/fuzzbench_forkserver/src/main.rs b/fuzzers/fuzzbench_forkserver/src/main.rs
index efd275581f..fdaf05173b 100644
--- a/fuzzers/fuzzbench_forkserver/src/main.rs
+++ b/fuzzers/fuzzbench_forkserver/src/main.rs
@@ -294,11 +294,12 @@ fn fuzz(
         5,
     )?;
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
     let scheduler = IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler::new(StdWeightedScheduler::with_schedule(
         &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
         Some(PowerSchedule::EXPLORE),
     ));
 
diff --git a/fuzzers/fuzzbench_qemu/src/fuzzer.rs b/fuzzers/fuzzbench_qemu/src/fuzzer.rs
index c4d28ea577..622bc4bf6c 100644
--- a/fuzzers/fuzzbench_qemu/src/fuzzer.rs
+++ b/fuzzers/fuzzbench_qemu/src/fuzzer.rs
@@ -304,11 +304,12 @@ fn fuzz(
         5,
     )?;
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
     let scheduler = IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler::new(PowerQueueScheduler::new(
         &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
         PowerSchedule::FAST,
     ));
 
diff --git a/fuzzers/fuzzbench_text/src/lib.rs b/fuzzers/fuzzbench_text/src/lib.rs
index a4d90d9a4c..0f785ffb79 100644
--- a/fuzzers/fuzzbench_text/src/lib.rs
+++ b/fuzzers/fuzzbench_text/src/lib.rs
@@ -365,11 +365,12 @@ fn fuzz_binary(
         5,
     )?;
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
     let scheduler = IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler::new(StdWeightedScheduler::with_schedule(
         &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
         Some(PowerSchedule::EXPLORE),
     ));
 
@@ -568,7 +569,7 @@ fn fuzz_text(
         5,
     )?;
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     let grimoire_mutator = StdScheduledMutator::with_max_stack_pow(
         tuple_list!(
@@ -586,6 +587,7 @@ fn fuzz_text(
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
     let scheduler = IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler::new(StdWeightedScheduler::with_schedule(
         &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
         Some(PowerSchedule::EXPLORE),
     ));
 
diff --git a/fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng/src/lib.rs b/fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng/src/lib.rs
index 64fa1a9374..7e2653c102 100644
--- a/fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng/src/lib.rs
+++ b/fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng/src/lib.rs
@@ -142,13 +142,14 @@ fn fuzz(corpus_dirs: &[PathBuf], objective_dir: PathBuf, broker_port: u16) -> Re
 
     let mutator = StdScheduledMutator::new(havoc_mutations().merge(tokens_mutations()));
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     let mut stages = tuple_list!(calibration, power);
 
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
     let scheduler = IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler::new(StdWeightedScheduler::with_schedule(
         &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
         Some(PowerSchedule::FAST),
     ));
 
diff --git a/fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng_cmin/src/lib.rs b/fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng_cmin/src/lib.rs
index a6111911d8..ffdec2643d 100644
--- a/fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng_cmin/src/lib.rs
+++ b/fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng_cmin/src/lib.rs
@@ -141,13 +141,14 @@ fn fuzz(corpus_dirs: &[PathBuf], objective_dir: PathBuf, broker_port: u16) -> Re
 
     let mutator = StdScheduledMutator::new(havoc_mutations().merge(tokens_mutations()));
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     let mut stages = tuple_list!(calibration, power);
 
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
     let scheduler = IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler::new(StdWeightedScheduler::with_schedule(
         &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
         Some(PowerSchedule::FAST),
     ));
 
diff --git a/fuzzers/libfuzzer_windows_asan/src/lib.rs b/fuzzers/libfuzzer_windows_asan/src/lib.rs
index e2b0c4f899..66db4f2352 100644
--- a/fuzzers/libfuzzer_windows_asan/src/lib.rs
+++ b/fuzzers/libfuzzer_windows_asan/src/lib.rs
@@ -107,13 +107,14 @@ fn fuzz(corpus_dirs: &[PathBuf], objective_dir: PathBuf, broker_port: u16) -> Re
 
     let mutator = StdScheduledMutator::new(havoc_mutations().merge(tokens_mutations()));
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     let mut stages = tuple_list!(calibration, power);
 
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
     let scheduler = IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler::new(StdWeightedScheduler::with_schedule(
         &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
         Some(PowerSchedule::FAST),
     ));
 
diff --git a/fuzzers/tutorial/src/lib.rs b/fuzzers/tutorial/src/lib.rs
index c971ca3bd6..8688ea9e8a 100644
--- a/fuzzers/tutorial/src/lib.rs
+++ b/fuzzers/tutorial/src/lib.rs
@@ -127,13 +127,16 @@ fn fuzz(corpus_dirs: &[PathBuf], objective_dir: PathBuf, broker_port: u16) -> Re
     // Setup a lain mutator with a mutational stage
     let mutator = LainMutator::new();
 
-    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator, &edges_observer);
+    let power = StdPowerMutationalStage::new(mutator);
 
     let mut stages = tuple_list!(calibration, power);
 
     // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
-    let scheduler =
-        PacketLenMinimizerScheduler::new(PowerQueueScheduler::new(&mut state, PowerSchedule::FAST));
+    let scheduler = PacketLenMinimizerScheduler::new(PowerQueueScheduler::new(
+        &mut state,
+        &edges_observer,
+        PowerSchedule::FAST,
+    ));
 
     // A fuzzer with feedbacks and a corpus scheduler
     let mut fuzzer = StdFuzzer::new(scheduler, feedback, objective);
diff --git a/libafl/src/corpus/testcase.rs b/libafl/src/corpus/testcase.rs
index adb200036a..24e2bfb829 100644
--- a/libafl/src/corpus/testcase.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/corpus/testcase.rs
@@ -300,6 +300,18 @@ impl SchedulerTestcaseMetaData {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Create new [`struct@SchedulerTestcaseMetaData`] given `n_fuzz_entry`
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_n_fuzz_entry(depth: u64, n_fuzz_entry: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bitmap_size: 0,
+            handicap: 0,
+            depth,
+            n_fuzz_entry,
+            cycle_and_time: (Duration::default(), 0),
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Get the bitmap size
     #[inline]
     #[must_use]
diff --git a/libafl/src/fuzzer/mod.rs b/libafl/src/fuzzer/mod.rs
index e7ab9a8cb1..4143481e69 100644
--- a/libafl/src/fuzzer/mod.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/fuzzer/mod.rs
@@ -460,6 +460,9 @@ where
     {
         let exit_kind = self.execute_input(state, executor, manager, &input)?;
         let observers = executor.observers();
+
+        self.scheduler.on_evaluation(state, &input, observers)?;
+
         self.process_execution(state, manager, input, observers, &exit_kind, send_events)
     }
 }
diff --git a/libafl/src/schedulers/accounting.rs b/libafl/src/schedulers/accounting.rs
index 643175348b..e6b26b5b7b 100644
--- a/libafl/src/schedulers/accounting.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/schedulers/accounting.rs
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@ where
     CS::State: HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand + Debug,
     <CS::State as UsesInput>::Input: HasLen,
 {
-    fn on_add(&self, state: &mut Self::State, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn on_add(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
         self.update_accounting_score(state, idx)?;
         self.inner.on_add(state, idx)
     }
 
     fn on_replace(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         state: &mut Self::State,
         idx: CorpusId,
         testcase: &Testcase<<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input>,
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn on_remove(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         state: &mut Self::State,
         idx: CorpusId,
         testcase: &Option<Testcase<<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input>>,
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ where
         self.inner.on_remove(state, idx, testcase)
     }
 
-    fn next(&self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
+    fn next(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
         if state
             .metadata()
             .get::<TopAccountingMetadata>()
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ where
         } else {
             self.inner.cull(state)?;
         }
-        let mut idx = self.inner.base().next(state)?;
+        let mut idx = self.inner.base_mut().next(state)?;
         while {
             let has = !state
                 .corpus()
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ where
             has
         } && state.rand_mut().below(100) < self.skip_non_favored_prob
         {
-            idx = self.inner.base().next(state)?;
+            idx = self.inner.base_mut().next(state)?;
         }
         Ok(idx)
     }
diff --git a/libafl/src/schedulers/minimizer.rs b/libafl/src/schedulers/minimizer.rs
index b190482640..5f57a7e27b 100644
--- a/libafl/src/schedulers/minimizer.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/schedulers/minimizer.rs
@@ -82,14 +82,14 @@ where
     CS::State: HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
 {
     /// Add an entry to the corpus and return its index
-    fn on_add(&self, state: &mut CS::State, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn on_add(&mut self, state: &mut CS::State, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
         self.base.on_add(state, idx)?;
         self.update_score(state, idx)
     }
 
     /// Replaces the testcase at the given idx
     fn on_replace(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         state: &mut CS::State,
         idx: CorpusId,
         testcase: &Testcase<<CS::State as UsesInput>::Input>,
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ where
 
     /// Removes an entry from the corpus, returning M if M was present.
     fn on_remove(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         state: &mut CS::State,
         idx: CorpusId,
         testcase: &Option<Testcase<<CS::State as UsesInput>::Input>>,
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ where
     }
 
     /// Gets the next entry
-    fn next(&self, state: &mut CS::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
+    fn next(&mut self, state: &mut CS::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
         self.cull(state)?;
         let mut idx = self.base.next(state)?;
         while {
@@ -295,6 +295,11 @@ where
         &self.base
     }
 
+    /// Get a reference to the base scheduler (mut)
+    pub fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut CS {
+        &mut self.base
+    }
+
     /// Creates a new [`MinimizerScheduler`] that wraps a `base` [`Scheduler`]
     /// and has a default probability to skip non-faved [`Testcase`]s of [`DEFAULT_SKIP_NON_FAVORED_PROB`].
     pub fn new(base: CS) -> Self {
diff --git a/libafl/src/schedulers/mod.rs b/libafl/src/schedulers/mod.rs
index 2a0a96ea99..b3f72a337f 100644
--- a/libafl/src/schedulers/mod.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/schedulers/mod.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ use crate::{
     bolts::rands::Rand,
     corpus::{Corpus, CorpusId, Testcase},
     inputs::UsesInput,
+    observers::ObserversTuple,
     random_corpus_id,
     state::{HasCorpus, HasRand, UsesState},
     Error,
@@ -42,13 +43,13 @@ use crate::{
 /// It has hooks to corpus add/replace/remove to allow complex scheduling algorithms to collect data.
 pub trait Scheduler: UsesState {
     /// Added an entry to the corpus at the given index
-    fn on_add(&self, _state: &mut Self::State, _idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn on_add(&mut self, _state: &mut Self::State, _idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Replaced the given testcase at the given idx
     fn on_replace(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         _state: &mut Self::State,
         _idx: CorpusId,
         _prev: &Testcase<<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input>,
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ pub trait Scheduler: UsesState {
 
     /// Removed the given entry from the corpus at the given index
     fn on_remove(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         _state: &mut Self::State,
         _idx: CorpusId,
         _testcase: &Option<Testcase<<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input>>,
@@ -66,8 +67,21 @@ pub trait Scheduler: UsesState {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// An input has been evaluated
+    fn on_evaluation<OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut Self::State,
+        _input: &<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input,
+        _observers: &OT,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        OT: ObserversTuple<Self::State>,
+    {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Gets the next entry
-    fn next(&self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error>;
+    fn next(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error>;
 }
 
 /// Feed the fuzzer simply with a random testcase on request
@@ -88,7 +102,7 @@ where
     S: HasCorpus + HasRand,
 {
     /// Gets the next entry at random
-    fn next(&self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
+    fn next(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
         if state.corpus().count() == 0 {
             Err(Error::empty("No entries in corpus".to_owned()))
         } else {
diff --git a/libafl/src/schedulers/powersched.rs b/libafl/src/schedulers/powersched.rs
index 442feb8f5c..4ab65b1a6c 100644
--- a/libafl/src/schedulers/powersched.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/schedulers/powersched.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::{
     corpus::{Corpus, CorpusId, SchedulerTestcaseMetaData, Testcase},
     inputs::UsesInput,
+    observers::{MapObserver, ObserversTuple},
     schedulers::Scheduler,
     state::{HasCorpus, HasMetadata, UsesState},
     Error,
@@ -163,24 +164,27 @@ pub enum PowerSchedule {
 
 /// A corpus scheduler using power schedules
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct PowerQueueScheduler<S> {
+pub struct PowerQueueScheduler<O, S> {
     strat: PowerSchedule,
-    phantom: PhantomData<S>,
+    map_observer_name: String,
+    last_hash: usize,
+    phantom: PhantomData<(O, S)>,
 }
 
-impl<S> UsesState for PowerQueueScheduler<S>
+impl<O, S> UsesState for PowerQueueScheduler<O, S>
 where
     S: UsesInput,
 {
     type State = S;
 }
 
-impl<S> Scheduler for PowerQueueScheduler<S>
+impl<O, S> Scheduler for PowerQueueScheduler<O, S>
 where
     S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata,
+    O: MapObserver,
 {
     /// Add an entry to the corpus and return its index
-    fn on_add(&self, state: &mut Self::State, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn on_add(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let current_idx = *state.corpus().current();
 
         let mut depth = match current_idx {
@@ -199,17 +203,15 @@ where
 
         // Attach a `SchedulerTestcaseMetaData` to the queue entry.
         depth += 1;
-        state
-            .corpus()
-            .get(idx)?
-            .borrow_mut()
-            .add_metadata(SchedulerTestcaseMetaData::new(depth));
+        state.corpus().get(idx)?.borrow_mut().add_metadata(
+            SchedulerTestcaseMetaData::with_n_fuzz_entry(depth, self.last_hash),
+        );
         Ok(())
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
     fn on_replace(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         state: &mut Self::State,
         idx: CorpusId,
         prev: &Testcase<<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input>,
@@ -251,7 +253,7 @@ where
 
     #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
     fn on_remove(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         state: &mut Self::State,
         _idx: CorpusId,
         prev: &Option<Testcase<<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input>>,
@@ -288,7 +290,36 @@ where
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn next(&self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
+    fn on_evaluation<OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &mut Self::State,
+        _input: &<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        OT: ObserversTuple<Self::State>,
+    {
+        let observer = observers
+            .match_name::<O>(&self.map_observer_name)
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::key_not_found("MapObserver not found".to_string()))?;
+
+        let mut hash = observer.hash() as usize;
+
+        let psmeta = state
+            .metadata_mut()
+            .get_mut::<SchedulerMetadata>()
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::key_not_found("SchedulerMetadata not found".to_string()))?;
+
+        hash %= psmeta.n_fuzz().len();
+        // Update the path frequency
+        psmeta.n_fuzz_mut()[hash] = psmeta.n_fuzz()[hash].saturating_add(1);
+
+        self.last_hash = hash;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn next(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
         if state.corpus().count() == 0 {
             Err(Error::empty(String::from("No entries in corpus")))
         } else {
@@ -331,18 +362,21 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<S> PowerQueueScheduler<S>
+impl<O, S> PowerQueueScheduler<O, S>
 where
     S: HasMetadata,
+    O: MapObserver,
 {
     /// Create a new [`PowerQueueScheduler`]
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(state: &mut S, strat: PowerSchedule) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(state: &mut S, map_observer: &O, strat: PowerSchedule) -> Self {
         if !state.has_metadata::<SchedulerMetadata>() {
             state.add_metadata::<SchedulerMetadata>(SchedulerMetadata::new(Some(strat)));
         }
         PowerQueueScheduler {
             strat,
+            map_observer_name: map_observer.name().to_string(),
+            last_hash: 0,
             phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
diff --git a/libafl/src/schedulers/probabilistic_sampling.rs b/libafl/src/schedulers/probabilistic_sampling.rs
index aaacc9f847..8c20e05c46 100644
--- a/libafl/src/schedulers/probabilistic_sampling.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/schedulers/probabilistic_sampling.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ where
     F: TestcaseScore<S>,
     S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
 {
-    fn on_add(&self, state: &mut Self::State, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn on_add(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
         if state.metadata().get::<ProbabilityMetadata>().is_none() {
             state.add_metadata(ProbabilityMetadata::new());
         }
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ where
 
     /// Gets the next entry
     #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
-    fn next(&self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
+    fn next(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
         if state.corpus().count() == 0 {
             Err(Error::empty(String::from("No entries in corpus")))
         } else {
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ mod tests {
         // the first 3 probabilities will be .69, .86, .44
         let rand = StdRand::with_seed(12);
 
-        let scheduler = UniformProbabilitySamplingScheduler::new();
+        let mut scheduler = UniformProbabilitySamplingScheduler::new();
 
         let mut feedback = ConstFeedback::new(false);
         let mut objective = ConstFeedback::new(false);
diff --git a/libafl/src/schedulers/queue.rs b/libafl/src/schedulers/queue.rs
index f0190c0b93..116791dda8 100644
--- a/libafl/src/schedulers/queue.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/schedulers/queue.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ where
     S: HasCorpus,
 {
     /// Gets the next entry in the queue
-    fn next(&self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
+    fn next(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
         if state.corpus().count() == 0 {
             Err(Error::empty("No entries in corpus".to_owned()))
         } else {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_queuecorpus() {
         let rand = StdRand::with_seed(4);
-        let scheduler = QueueScheduler::new();
+        let mut scheduler = QueueScheduler::new();
 
         let mut q =
             OnDiskCorpus::<BytesInput>::new(PathBuf::from("target/.test/fancy/path")).unwrap();
diff --git a/libafl/src/schedulers/tuneable.rs b/libafl/src/schedulers/tuneable.rs
index cc3a0a1fa5..c6340f98bd 100644
--- a/libafl/src/schedulers/tuneable.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/schedulers/tuneable.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ where
     S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata,
 {
     /// Gets the next entry in the queue
-    fn next(&self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
+    fn next(&mut self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
         if state.corpus().count() == 0 {
             return Err(Error::empty("No entries in corpus".to_owned()));
         }
diff --git a/libafl/src/schedulers/weighted.rs b/libafl/src/schedulers/weighted.rs
index 88a2a05f28..50fc4d4f7e 100644
--- a/libafl/src/schedulers/weighted.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/schedulers/weighted.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     bolts::rands::Rand,
     corpus::{Corpus, CorpusId, SchedulerTestcaseMetaData, Testcase},
     inputs::UsesInput,
+    observers::{MapObserver, ObserversTuple},
     random_corpus_id,
     schedulers::{
         powersched::{PowerSchedule, SchedulerMetadata},
@@ -88,25 +89,28 @@ crate::impl_serdeany!(WeightedScheduleMetadata);
 
 /// A corpus scheduler using power schedules with weighted queue item selection algo.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct WeightedScheduler<F, S> {
+pub struct WeightedScheduler<F, O, S> {
     strat: Option<PowerSchedule>,
-    phantom: PhantomData<(F, S)>,
+    map_observer_name: String,
+    last_hash: usize,
+    phantom: PhantomData<(F, O, S)>,
 }
 
-impl<F, S> WeightedScheduler<F, S>
+impl<F, O, S> WeightedScheduler<F, O, S>
 where
     F: TestcaseScore<S>,
+    O: MapObserver,
     S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
 {
     /// Create a new [`WeightedScheduler`] without any power schedule
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn new(state: &mut S) -> Self {
-        Self::with_schedule(state, None)
+    pub fn new(state: &mut S, map_observer: &O) -> Self {
+        Self::with_schedule(state, map_observer, None)
     }
 
     /// Create a new [`WeightedScheduler`]
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn with_schedule(state: &mut S, strat: Option<PowerSchedule>) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_schedule(state: &mut S, map_observer: &O, strat: Option<PowerSchedule>) -> Self {
         if !state.has_metadata::<SchedulerMetadata>() {
             state.add_metadata(SchedulerMetadata::new(strat));
         }
@@ -116,6 +120,8 @@ where
         }
         Self {
             strat,
+            map_observer_name: map_observer.name().to_string(),
+            last_hash: 0,
             phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
@@ -216,20 +222,21 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, S> UsesState for WeightedScheduler<F, S>
+impl<F, O, S> UsesState for WeightedScheduler<F, O, S>
 where
     S: UsesInput,
 {
     type State = S;
 }
 
-impl<F, S> Scheduler for WeightedScheduler<F, S>
+impl<F, O, S> Scheduler for WeightedScheduler<F, O, S>
 where
     F: TestcaseScore<S>,
+    O: MapObserver,
     S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
 {
     /// Add an entry to the corpus and return its index
-    fn on_add(&self, state: &mut S, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn on_add(&mut self, state: &mut S, idx: CorpusId) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let current_idx = *state.corpus().current();
 
         let mut depth = match current_idx {
@@ -248,11 +255,9 @@ where
 
         // Attach a `SchedulerTestcaseMetaData` to the queue entry.
         depth += 1;
-        state
-            .corpus()
-            .get(idx)?
-            .borrow_mut()
-            .add_metadata(SchedulerTestcaseMetaData::new(depth));
+        state.corpus().get(idx)?.borrow_mut().add_metadata(
+            SchedulerTestcaseMetaData::with_n_fuzz_entry(depth, self.last_hash),
+        );
 
         // Recreate the alias table
         self.create_alias_table(state)?;
@@ -260,7 +265,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn on_replace(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         state: &mut S,
         idx: CorpusId,
         _testcase: &Testcase<S::Input>,
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn on_remove(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         state: &mut S,
         _idx: CorpusId,
         _testcase: &Option<Testcase<S::Input>>,
@@ -280,8 +285,37 @@ where
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    fn on_evaluation<OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &mut Self::State,
+        _input: &<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        OT: ObserversTuple<Self::State>,
+    {
+        let observer = observers
+            .match_name::<O>(&self.map_observer_name)
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::key_not_found("MapObserver not found".to_string()))?;
+
+        let mut hash = observer.hash() as usize;
+
+        let psmeta = state
+            .metadata_mut()
+            .get_mut::<SchedulerMetadata>()
+            .ok_or_else(|| Error::key_not_found("SchedulerMetadata not found".to_string()))?;
+
+        hash %= psmeta.n_fuzz().len();
+        // Update the path frequency
+        psmeta.n_fuzz_mut()[hash] = psmeta.n_fuzz()[hash].saturating_add(1);
+
+        self.last_hash = hash;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[allow(clippy::similar_names, clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
-    fn next(&self, state: &mut S) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
+    fn next(&mut self, state: &mut S) -> Result<CorpusId, Error> {
         let corpus_counts = state.corpus().count();
         if corpus_counts == 0 {
             Err(Error::empty(String::from("No entries in corpus")))
@@ -345,4 +379,4 @@ where
 }
 
 /// The standard corpus weight, same as aflpp
-pub type StdWeightedScheduler<S> = WeightedScheduler<CorpusWeightTestcaseScore<S>, S>;
+pub type StdWeightedScheduler<O, S> = WeightedScheduler<CorpusWeightTestcaseScore<S>, O, S>;
diff --git a/libafl/src/stages/power.rs b/libafl/src/stages/power.rs
index 78fba0efe5..308750822e 100644
--- a/libafl/src/stages/power.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/stages/power.rs
@@ -1,50 +1,39 @@
 //! The power schedules. This stage should be invoked after the calibration stage.
 
-use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
 use core::{fmt::Debug, marker::PhantomData};
 
 use crate::{
-    bolts::tuples::MatchName,
-    corpus::{Corpus, CorpusId, SchedulerTestcaseMetaData},
+    corpus::{Corpus, CorpusId},
     executors::{Executor, HasObservers},
     fuzzer::Evaluator,
     mutators::Mutator,
-    observers::MapObserver,
-    schedulers::{
-        powersched::SchedulerMetadata, testcase_score::CorpusPowerTestcaseScore, TestcaseScore,
-    },
-    stages::{
-        mutational::{MutatedTransform, MutatedTransformPost},
-        MutationalStage, Stage,
-    },
+    schedulers::{testcase_score::CorpusPowerTestcaseScore, TestcaseScore},
+    stages::{mutational::MutatedTransform, MutationalStage, Stage},
     state::{HasClientPerfMonitor, HasCorpus, HasMetadata, HasRand, UsesState},
     Error,
 };
 
 /// The mutational stage using power schedules
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, O, Z> {
-    map_observer_name: String,
+pub struct PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, Z> {
     mutator: M,
     #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-    phantom: PhantomData<(E, F, EM, I, O, Z)>,
+    phantom: PhantomData<(E, F, EM, I, Z)>,
 }
 
-impl<E, F, EM, I, M, O, Z> UsesState for PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, O, Z>
+impl<E, F, EM, I, M, Z> UsesState for PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, Z>
 where
     E: UsesState,
 {
     type State = E::State;
 }
 
-impl<E, F, EM, I, M, O, Z> MutationalStage<E, EM, I, M, Z>
-    for PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, O, Z>
+impl<E, F, EM, I, M, Z> MutationalStage<E, EM, I, M, Z> for PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, Z>
 where
     E: Executor<EM, Z> + HasObservers,
     EM: UsesState<State = E::State>,
     F: TestcaseScore<E::State>,
     M: Mutator<I, E::State>,
-    O: MapObserver,
     E::State: HasClientPerfMonitor + HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
     Z: Evaluator<E, EM, State = E::State>,
     I: MutatedTransform<E::Input, E::State> + Clone,
@@ -70,74 +59,14 @@ where
 
         Ok(score)
     }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_wrap)]
-    fn perform_mutational(
-        &mut self,
-        fuzzer: &mut Z,
-        executor: &mut E,
-        state: &mut E::State,
-        manager: &mut EM,
-        corpus_idx: CorpusId,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let num = self.iterations(state, corpus_idx)?;
-
-        let mut testcase = state.corpus().get(corpus_idx)?.borrow_mut();
-        let Ok(input) = I::try_transform_from(&mut testcase, state, corpus_idx) else { return Ok(()); };
-        drop(testcase);
-
-        for i in 0..num {
-            let mut input = input.clone();
-
-            self.mutator_mut().mutate(state, &mut input, i as i32)?;
-
-            let (untransformed, post) = input.try_transform_into(state)?;
-            let (_, corpus_idx) = fuzzer.evaluate_input(state, executor, manager, untransformed)?;
-
-            let observer = executor
-                .observers()
-                .match_name::<O>(&self.map_observer_name)
-                .ok_or_else(|| Error::key_not_found("MapObserver not found".to_string()))?;
-
-            let mut hash = observer.hash() as usize;
-
-            let psmeta = state
-                .metadata_mut()
-                .get_mut::<SchedulerMetadata>()
-                .ok_or_else(|| Error::key_not_found("SchedulerMetadata not found".to_string()))?;
-
-            hash %= psmeta.n_fuzz().len();
-            // Update the path frequency
-            psmeta.n_fuzz_mut()[hash] = psmeta.n_fuzz()[hash].saturating_add(1);
-
-            if let Some(idx) = corpus_idx {
-                state
-                    .corpus()
-                    .get(idx)?
-                    .borrow_mut()
-                    .metadata_mut()
-                    .get_mut::<SchedulerTestcaseMetaData>()
-                    .ok_or_else(|| {
-                        Error::key_not_found("SchedulerTestcaseMetaData not found".to_string())
-                    })?
-                    .set_n_fuzz_entry(hash);
-            }
-
-            self.mutator_mut().post_exec(state, i as i32, corpus_idx)?;
-            post.post_exec(state, i as i32, corpus_idx)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
 }
 
-impl<E, F, EM, I, M, O, Z> Stage<E, EM, Z> for PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, O, Z>
+impl<E, F, EM, I, M, Z> Stage<E, EM, Z> for PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, Z>
 where
     E: Executor<EM, Z> + HasObservers,
     EM: UsesState<State = E::State>,
     F: TestcaseScore<E::State>,
     M: Mutator<I, E::State>,
-    O: MapObserver,
     E::State: HasClientPerfMonitor + HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
     Z: Evaluator<E, EM, State = E::State>,
     I: MutatedTransform<E::Input, E::State> + Clone,
@@ -157,36 +86,33 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<E, F, EM, M, O, Z> PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, E::Input, M, O, Z>
+impl<E, F, EM, M, Z> PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, E::Input, M, Z>
 where
     E: Executor<EM, Z> + HasObservers,
     EM: UsesState<State = E::State>,
     F: TestcaseScore<E::State>,
     M: Mutator<E::Input, E::State>,
-    O: MapObserver,
     E::State: HasClientPerfMonitor + HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
     Z: Evaluator<E, EM, State = E::State>,
 {
     /// Creates a new [`PowerMutationalStage`]
-    pub fn new(mutator: M, map_observer_name: &O) -> Self {
-        Self::transforming(mutator, map_observer_name)
+    pub fn new(mutator: M) -> Self {
+        Self::transforming(mutator)
     }
 }
 
-impl<E, F, EM, I, M, O, Z> PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, O, Z>
+impl<E, F, EM, I, M, Z> PowerMutationalStage<E, F, EM, I, M, Z>
 where
     E: Executor<EM, Z> + HasObservers,
     EM: UsesState<State = E::State>,
     F: TestcaseScore<E::State>,
     M: Mutator<I, E::State>,
-    O: MapObserver,
     E::State: HasClientPerfMonitor + HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
     Z: Evaluator<E, EM, State = E::State>,
 {
     /// Creates a new transforming [`PowerMutationalStage`]
-    pub fn transforming(mutator: M, map_observer_name: &O) -> Self {
+    pub fn transforming(mutator: M) -> Self {
         Self {
-            map_observer_name: map_observer_name.name().to_string(),
             mutator,
             phantom: PhantomData,
         }
@@ -194,5 +120,5 @@ where
 }
 
 /// The standard powerscheduling stage
-pub type StdPowerMutationalStage<E, EM, I, M, O, Z> =
-    PowerMutationalStage<E, CorpusPowerTestcaseScore<<E as UsesState>::State>, EM, I, M, O, Z>;
+pub type StdPowerMutationalStage<E, EM, I, M, Z> =
+    PowerMutationalStage<E, CorpusPowerTestcaseScore<<E as UsesState>::State>, EM, I, M, Z>;
diff --git a/libafl/src/stages/push/mutational.rs b/libafl/src/stages/push/mutational.rs
index b437a6f264..bd352d6c2e 100644
--- a/libafl/src/stages/push/mutational.rs
+++ b/libafl/src/stages/push/mutational.rs
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ where
         self.current_corpus_idx = Some(if let Some(corpus_idx) = self.current_corpus_idx {
             corpus_idx
         } else {
-            fuzzer.scheduler().next(state)?
+            fuzzer.scheduler_mut().next(state)?
         });
 
         self.testcases_to_do = self.iterations(state, self.current_corpus_idx.unwrap())?;
diff --git a/libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_build/src/build.rs b/libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_build/src/build.rs
index ec98fa0816..facb61a095 100644
--- a/libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_build/src/build.rs
+++ b/libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_build/src/build.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use which::which;
 
 const QEMU_URL: &str = "https://github.com/AFLplusplus/qemu-libafl-bridge";
 const QEMU_DIRNAME: &str = "qemu-libafl-bridge";
-const QEMU_REVISION: &str = "f6a2e732e8e225ebb8d1a9399561af7330af31b3";
+const QEMU_REVISION: &str = "0dc52ed6f3915f727aaec8648706760f278f0571";
 
 fn build_dep_check(tools: &[&str]) {
     for tool in tools {
@@ -249,7 +249,6 @@ pub fn build(
                 .arg("--disable-vhost-vdpa")
                 .arg("--disable-virglrenderer")
                 .arg("--disable-virtfs")
-                .arg("--disable-virtiofsd")
                 .arg("--disable-vmnet")
                 .arg("--disable-vnc")
                 .arg("--disable-vnc-jpeg")